John Snow studied cholera in London in the 1800s. He determine that the source of this epidemic was a contaminated well. In this example, the contaminated well was the   Group of answer choices carrier. host. reservoir. pathogen.

Q: Here are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin. Choose…

A: Introduction A toxin is a poisonous substance or harmful substance produced within living cells or…

Q: Well-water gets contaminated by farm animals, and the water causes gastroenteritis in those that…

A: Well water gets contaminated by farm animals and the use of this water causes gastroenteritis.

Q: Which statement correctly determines the cause of each infection? Intuenza is caused by a bacterium…

A: Need to find the correct option from the given alternatives regarding infections. Given: Some…

Q: You are a scientist researching West Nile virus, a mosquito-borne pathogen. You note that the number…

A: Introduction: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a zoonotic virus of category arbovirus. It is a…

Q: Which of the public health practices were in use long before modern science explained their success?…

A: Revolutions occurred in the field of medicine in the 19th century and beyond due to advances in…

Q: Which of the following is a difference between transient and resident microbiota?   Transient…

A: Microbiota helps to protect the intestine against colonization by pathogens. Microbiota are the…

Q: Which of the following is not part of Koch’s Postulates? a. A specific microorganism must be…

A: The ability of the microorganisms to causing disease is demonstrated by Robert Koch. It is developed…

Q: why is it important to learn about infectious diseases in history, and how does that knowledge apply…

A: Infectious diseases caused by organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungus, or parasites. There are…

Q: Bacteria can best survive low pH and dryness by producing ____________. Group of answer choices…

A: Introduction :- Bacteria have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane, just like eukaryotic…

Q: Which of the following would be the easiest to eradicate?a) A pathogen that is common in wild…

A: Answer is b.) A disesase that occurs exclusively in humans, always resulting in obvious symptoms.

Q: Read the following two statements about C.difficile outbreaks and answer the questions given below.…

A: MRSA-  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a kind of infection caused by Staphylococcus…

Q: Bacteria in the digestive systems of animals that help to break down the animals’ food, and in…

A: Mutualism is an ecological interactions between two or more species where each species have a net…

Q: For a potentially serious disease like bubonic plague,vaccines are not routinely recommended for the…

A: Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinea pestis.They spread…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement.A/an…

A: Correct answer is Asymptomatic carrier.

Q: What is the first known account of bioterrorism?     European settlers giving Native Americans…

A: The use of microorganisms like virus, fungus or bacteria to induce harm upon a large population is…

Q: Define and give one example for each term commensalism mutualism parasitism

A: As per the honor code, we answer only three subparts at a time. Therefore, we are answering the…

Q: When a bacterium is pathogenic, how does it affect its host (the plant or animal that the bacterium…

A: A pathogen is a tiny living organism, such as a bacterium or virus. It may be referred to as an…

Q: In lab, you researched different ESKAPE pathogens. Why are we specifically studying these pathogens…

A: 1)ESKAPE pathogen is a bacteria .This is both gram positive and gram negetive species.Mainly it's…

Q: Bacteria living in a human mouth exhibit a symbiotic relationship with you, their host. Remember…

A: Symbiosis is a type of species interaction in which two species interact with each other in order to…

Q: Many disease-causing microbes do not cause disease in every host. Describe a possible reason for why…

A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…

Q: An infectious disease is a disease that is caused when a pathogen is passed from one organism to…

A: An infectious disease is a disease that is caused when a pathogen is passed from one organism to…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a site colonized by normal microbiota in humans? Skin Brain and…

A: Skin is a site where many organisms stay physiologically such as Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium…

Q: symbiotic organism give an example to explain symbiosis among organism

A:

Q: Upon consumption of a fruit juice, disease resulted in consumers? Why do you think this was so…

A: The question explains about consumers of fruit juice getting sick after consumption. This could be…

Q: Which of the following does NOT contribute to the virulence of a pathogen? The concentration…

A: The answer would be 5: all the above contribute to the virulence of a pathogen

Q: In a standard SIR model of infection individuals are assumed to encounter each other at random. In…

A: The SIR model is an old model of transmission of disease among humans. It can be modified to fit…

Q: Which organism is least likely to cause disease? bacteria protozoa algae parasitic worms viruses

A:

Q: What is example of incubation the duration of time between exposure to an infectious

A: When any microorganisms enters in the body and multiplies in the body then it is called infection.…

Q: Tears have chemicals that targets bacterial plasma membrane and kills cells    Group of answer…

A: Tears have chemicals which are known to have antimicrobial function. Chemicals such as lysozyme,…

Q: Why don't we just test for pathogens in water instead of focusing on indicator species

A: Pathogens are micro-organisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, or viruses, which cause disease in humans…

Q: Disease caused by Gram positive species is more significant than that caused by Gram negative…

A: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Gram-negative bacteria are those that have a thin…

Q: The symbiotic relationship between E.coli that produce vitamin B12 and their human hosts is an…

A: Answer : the symbiotic relationship between E. Coli that produce vitamin b12 and their human host is…

Q: Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterial pathogen? a. Influenza b. Cholera c. Diphtheria…

A: A pathogen just needs a host to survive. Once within a host's body, the pathogen manages to dodge…

Q: Malaria  Where did the disease originate? What impact did it have on the individuals  living in the…

A: Malaria additionally called plasmodium infection. A disease brought about by a plasmodium parasite,…

Q: Can food born disease spread if yes write down the mode of spread

A: Any organism capable of causing an infection or disease is called a pathogen. There are many…

Q: Describe how disease can be a selective pressure for an organism

A: According to the question, we have to explain the reason for which a disease can be a selective…

Q: In the Middle Ages, during massive plague epidemic, one of the control measures instituted was the…

A: During the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance (1350-1450) the bubonic plague, also called the…

Q: Which of the following is not a vector? Fomite Human Fly Flea Fomite AND human

A: A vector is an organism that can carry and spread a disease causing pathogen. In biotechnology, four…

Q: Which of the following is not an emerging infectious disease?a. avian influenzab. Lyme diseasec.…

A: An emerging infectious disease is a disease which has affected many individuals in one or more…

Q: List three viral and three bacterial human diseases and give ONE fact about each.

A: Many human illnesses are caused by infection with either bacteria or viruses. Most bacterial…

Q: Escherichia coli is a good indicator of water pollution because this bacterium Group of answer…

A: E.coli and salmonella are some of the common intestinal bacteria. They are usually harmless and help…

Q: Robert Koch developed a set of criteria (postulates) for conclusively demonstrating the aetiology…

A: Introduction  Koch's postulates are four criteria intended to demonstrate a link between a bacterium…

Q: Bacteria perform the following ecological roles. Which roletypically does not involve symbiosis?(A)…

A: Symbiosis refers to relationship between two different species, in which at least one species is…

Q: What is an organism that spreads disease germs to humans after biting and infected organism causes…

A: The diseases is a condition where the body reacts abnormally. Several ticks, flies, mosquitoes,…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a true statement?   Infected people without symptoms can sometimes…

A: The answer of this question is all are correct. Yes infected people without symptoms an transmit the…

Q: Compared with a fomite—such as a contaminatedcup—why is a disease vehicle such as food a much…

A: Fomites are inanimate objects that n become contaminated with infectious agents and work as a…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.