Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Nutrient Growth Medium
It is a culture medium or nutrient broth for all kinds of microorganisms to grow properly and create their colony. This matrix provides support to increase the population of microbes through the method of cell proliferation. It is regarded as the food ma…
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# Identification of Enterobacteriaceae Based on Biochemical Tests The Enterobacteriaceae family is a large group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes many important pathogens. The identification process commonly uses a series of biochemical tests. The flowchart below demonstrates a structured approach to differentiate various genera within this family based on specific biochemical characteristics. ## Flowchart Explanation: ### 1. Lactose Fermentation Lactose fermentation is the initial test dividing the bacteria into two categories: - **Negative:** Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia, and Proteus. - **Positive:** Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. ### 2. Phenylalanine Deaminase Activity (for Lactose-Negative Bacteria) This divides the lactose-negative bacteria further: - **Negative:** Salmonella, Shigella, and Serratia. - **Positive:** Proteus. #### Further Testing for Negative Phenylalanine Deaminase Activity: - **H2S Production:** - **Negative:** Serratia, Shigella. - **Positive:** Salmonella. - **Citrate Utilization (For H2S-negative bacteria):** - **Negative:** Shigella. - **Positive:** Serratia. ### 3. Indole Production (for Lactose-Positive Bacteria) This test divides the lactose-positive bacteria: - **Negative:** Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. - **Positive:** E. coli. #### Further Testing for Indole-Negative Bacteria: - **Motility:** - **Negative:** Klebsiella. - **Positive:** Citrobacter, Enterobacter. - **H2S Production (For Motility-positive bacteria):** - **Negative:** Enterobacter. - **Positive:** Citrobacter. By following this flowchart and conducting the appropriate biochemical tests, one can accurately identify the genus and sometimes the species of bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae family.
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Transcribed Image Text:# Identification of Enterobacteriaceae Based on Biochemical Tests The Enterobacteriaceae family is a large group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes many important pathogens. The identification process commonly uses a series of biochemical tests. The flowchart below demonstrates a structured approach to differentiate various genera within this family based on specific biochemical characteristics. ## Flowchart Explanation: ### 1. Lactose Fermentation Lactose fermentation is the initial test dividing the bacteria into two categories: - **Negative:** Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia, and Proteus. - **Positive:** Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. ### 2. Phenylalanine Deaminase Activity (for Lactose-Negative Bacteria) This divides the lactose-negative bacteria further: - **Negative:** Salmonella, Shigella, and Serratia. - **Positive:** Proteus. #### Further Testing for Negative Phenylalanine Deaminase Activity: - **H2S Production:** - **Negative:** Serratia, Shigella. - **Positive:** Salmonella. - **Citrate Utilization (For H2S-negative bacteria):** - **Negative:** Shigella. - **Positive:** Serratia. ### 3. Indole Production (for Lactose-Positive Bacteria) This test divides the lactose-positive bacteria: - **Negative:** Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. - **Positive:** E. coli. #### Further Testing for Indole-Negative Bacteria: - **Motility:** - **Negative:** Klebsiella. - **Positive:** Citrobacter, Enterobacter. - **H2S Production (For Motility-positive bacteria):** - **Negative:** Enterobacter. - **Positive:** Citrobacter. By following this flowchart and conducting the appropriate biochemical tests, one can accurately identify the genus and sometimes the species of bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae family.
**Title: Identifying Bacteria Using a Dichotomous Key** Using the dichotomous key above, identify the organism which gave the following test results: **Test Results:** - Gram-negative bacillus-shaped cells - Indole positive - Non-motile - H₂S positive - Phenylalanine deaminase negative - Positive for citrate utilization - Negative for lactose fermentation **Multiple Choice Options:** - **Klebsiella sp.** (Selected) - Escherichia coli - Shigella sp. - Citrobacter sp. - Salmonella sp.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Identifying Bacteria Using a Dichotomous Key** Using the dichotomous key above, identify the organism which gave the following test results: **Test Results:** - Gram-negative bacillus-shaped cells - Indole positive - Non-motile - H₂S positive - Phenylalanine deaminase negative - Positive for citrate utilization - Negative for lactose fermentation **Multiple Choice Options:** - **Klebsiella sp.** (Selected) - Escherichia coli - Shigella sp. - Citrobacter sp. - Salmonella sp.
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