Large animals should have higher lifetime probabilities of cancer than small animals because each cell division carries a risk of mutating towards a tumor lineage, and large animals have many more cells. However, this is not observed—a paradox that suggests large and/or long-lived species tend to evolve effective cancer suppression mechanisms. Based on the principle of allocation, the evolutionary value of cancer suppression should be determined by the ‘cost’ of suppression (decreased fecundity) vs. the ‘cost’ of cancer (reduced survivorship). Should effective cancer suppression be more common in more r-selected (fast life history) or K-selected (slow life history) species? Explain your reasoning.
Large animals should have higher lifetime probabilities of cancer than small animals because each cell division carries a risk of mutating towards a tumor lineage, and large animals have many more cells. However, this is not observed—a paradox that suggests large and/or long-lived species tend to evolve effective cancer suppression mechanisms. Based on the principle of allocation, the evolutionary value of cancer suppression should be determined by the ‘cost’ of suppression (decreased fecundity) vs. the ‘cost’ of cancer (reduced survivorship). Should effective cancer suppression be more common in more r-selected (fast life history) or K-selected (slow life history) species? Explain your reasoning.
Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Chapter4: Cell Structure
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 43CTQ: Pathogenic E. coil have recently been shown to degrade tight junction proteins during infection. How...
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- Large animals should have higher lifetime probabilities of cancer than small animals because each cell division carries a risk of mutating towards a tumor lineage, and large animals have many more cells. However, this is not observed—a paradox that suggests large and/or long-lived species tend to evolve effective cancer suppression mechanisms. Based on the principle of allocation, the evolutionary value of cancer suppression should be determined by the ‘cost’ of suppression (decreased fecundity) vs. the ‘cost’ of cancer (reduced survivorship). Should effective cancer suppression be more common in more r-selected (fast life history) or K-selected (slow life history) species? Explain your reasoning.
The formula list is attached.
![N = N,2
MR
rB > C,
N C
N, = N,2'
N, = N,e"
r = In ( 2)
AN = N, - N,
dN
= rN
dt
0.6931
dN
=rN] 1-
dt
N
K
pel
r=b-d
dP
P=1-
r=b-d+i-e
=cP(1-P)-eP
dt
N =-a,N2 + K,
N =-a,N¡ + K,
N; +a„N;
N; + &„N
N 1-
dt
K;
at
dN
rN= eNP
dt
P=rlc
R, = sb
dP
acNP=mP
dt
N= m/ ac](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F78786ea3-3b1e-46eb-90d2-61bebfa1a418%2F6b27f05c-139b-4551-9491-60edecc93806%2Fhdvxvli_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:N = N,2
MR
rB > C,
N C
N, = N,2'
N, = N,e"
r = In ( 2)
AN = N, - N,
dN
= rN
dt
0.6931
dN
=rN] 1-
dt
N
K
pel
r=b-d
dP
P=1-
r=b-d+i-e
=cP(1-P)-eP
dt
N =-a,N2 + K,
N =-a,N¡ + K,
N; +a„N;
N; + &„N
N 1-
dt
K;
at
dN
rN= eNP
dt
P=rlc
R, = sb
dP
acNP=mP
dt
N= m/ ac
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