Logic and Computation Just use one word to fill in the spaces. In your reply, please use commas. No comma needed. Congestion is costly since it wastes transmission capacity and buffers for every dropped packet.
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Logic and Computation Just use one word to fill in the spaces. In your reply, please use commas. No comma needed. Congestion is costly since it wastes transmission capacity and buffers for every dropped packet.
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Solved in 3 steps
- When many senders attempt to access the same media at once, a condition known as data collision occurs; what protocols and at what Layer(s) are available to avoid this? Is reliable, collision-free transmission ensured by using these protocols? What other choices do you have to solve the issue if that is not the case?Answer the given question with a proper explanation and step-by-step solution. Why is TCP/IP fragmentation important for internet communications? What would likely happen on the internet without that fragmentation? Why is TCP considered a "reliable" communication protocol but HTTP and Ethernet considered "not reliable"? Is there some "better way" to arrange internet communications?Assume that the link has an MSS of 100 bytes and that we are using a stop and wait protocol. If we have no packet loss and an RTT of 100ms, what is the utilization of this link?
- Two networks each provide reliable connection-oriented service. One of them offers a reliable byte stream and the other offers a reliable message stream. Are these identical? If so, why is the distinction made? If not, give an example of how they differ.When we talk about the broadcast address in a link, do we mean sending a message to all hosts and 3 routers in the link or to all hosts and routers in the Internet? In other words, does a broadcast addresshave a local jurisdiction or a universal jurisdiction? Explain.Question #5 Access to media by multiple senders at the same time lead towards data collision, which particular protocol(s) and at what Layer(s) these are available to cater this issue? Does these protocols ensure 100% collision free delivery? If not then what other mechanism are available to resolve the issue? Elaborate with the help of diagrams, how different types of MAC Address (unicast, multicast and broadcast) works. Among the two popular LAN technologies, Ethernet and WiFi, which one has the higher data rate and highest bit error rate (also explain why)?
- Data collision occurs when many senders attempt to access the same medium at the same time; what protocol(s) and at what Layer(s) are available to avoid this? Do these procedures provide reliable, collision-free traffic flow? If that's not the case, what other solutions may be considered?Assume for the sake of this illustration that a packet is being transported along the fixed route from its point of origin to an address located at the other end of the network. Also included below are the various factors that contribute to delay: What percentage of total delays remain ongoing for what length of time, and what percentage of total delays are time-dependent?Provide short answers to the following: How do you determine whether an IP address is a multicast address?==solve What is the TTL field in the IP header used for?==solve What is the maximum length of options bytes that can be carried in an IPv4 header?==solve Why do we have to multiply the offset field of an IP datagram by eight to obtain the real offset for the first byte of the datagram?====need to solve this question
- Visit the Queuing and Loss applet at the companion Web site. What is the maximum emission rate and the minimum transmission rate? With those rates, what is the traffic intensity? Run the applet with these rates and determine how long it takes for packet loss to occur. Then repeat the experiment a second time and determine again how long it takes for packet loss to occur. Are the values different? Why or why not?Assume that between a transmitting host and a receiving host, there is only one packet transfer. R1 and R2 are the transmission rates between the transmitting host and the switch, and R1 and R2 are the transmission rates between the switch and the receiving host, respectively. What is the total end-to-end delay for sending a packet of length L, assuming the switch uses store-and-forward packet switching? (Queuing, propagation, and transmission delays are all ignored.)What is the single greatest advantage of having a checksum only for the IP header? Why is cyclic redundancy checksum (CRC) implemented for Ethernet and for wireless frames as an error control technique? write one page paragraph.
