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- List at least four experimentally determined parameters that you, an experimenter, can define when exploring the hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate by aqueous sodium hydroxide.Two prominent gas-phase atmospheric reactions are written below with rate coefficients in units of cm3 molecule-1 sec-1 (T= temperature in K and [M] = the number density of air in molecules cm-3). Convert theserate constants to ppm-1 min-1, again assuming standard sea-level pressure and T = 288 K.i. O + O2 =O3 k = [M]*6.0*10^-34*(T/300)^-2.3ii. NO + O3 = NO2 + O2 k = 3.0*10^-12*e^(-1500/T)For the reaction 2HI (g) = H2 (g) + I2 (g) we have the following data T/k K (dm3 mol-1s-1) 556 3.52 X 10-7 781 3.95 X 10-2 Determine: 1) The fraction of molecules with enough energy to react at 700k. 2) The time required for the reaction to be 80% complete at 600k if [HI]0 = 0.020 mol/dm3
- Prof. Neiman and Prof. James were first to discovered in 1973 that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the Earth’sozone layer when released into the atmosphere. Once they reach the stratosphere, Clis released from the CFCs molecules by interaction with UV light. Free Cl atoms areable to react with ozone in a catalytic cycle that converts O3into the more stable O2.It is estimated that a single Cl atom is able to react with∼100000 O3molecules.Although CFCs production was banned in 1996, there are still a substantial numberof motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs) that use CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) as refrigerant.The average CFC-12 emission rate from operating MVACs has been estimated tobe 59.5 mg per hour per vehicle (Zhang et al.Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.2017).How much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere in a year due to 100 millionMVACs using CFC-12 as refrigerant?Given that :- Reaction => A + 2B ---> products Exp. Intial concentration [A] (mol/L) intial concentration [B] (mol/L) intial rate (mol/Ls) 1 0.115 0.135 2.70 × 10-3 2 0.115 0.270 2.16 × 10-2 3 0.345 0.135 8.10 × 10-3 What is the order of the reaction with respect to A, with respect to B, and overall?Consider the following reaction: 2A + B → C. A kinetics study on this reaction yielded the following data: [A] mol/L [B] mol/L Rate = mol/L/s 0.0450 0.0250 5.03 × 10−3 0.0450 0.0500 2.01 × 10−2 0.0900 0.0250 5.03 × 10−3
- The formation of products in a gas-phase rxn is affected by A. Amount of reacting molecules B. All C. Number of Collisions D. Orientation of moleculesWhat is the overall reaction order of the saponification of ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide, please explain. 1)ethyl acetate (15mL; 0.2M; in excess) and NaOH (15mL; 0,02M) 2)with comparable concentration of ethyl acetate (15mL; 0.05M) and NaOH (15mL; 0.02M) 3) what if NaOH is in excess, whilst ethyl acetate is notThe data below was collected from three trials of the following reaction: 2ClO2 (aq) + 2OH- (aq) --> ClO3- (aq) + ClO2- (g) + H2O (l) [ClO2]o (M) [OH-]o (M) Initial Rate (M/s) 1 0.0500 0.100 5.75 x 10-2 2 0.100 0.100 2.30 x 10-1 3 0.100 0.0500 1.15 x 10-1 If the initial concentrations were as follows, [ClO2]o= 0.25 M and [OH- ]o = 0.095 M, what would the initial rate be?
- Below is a proposed mechanism for ClO–(aq) reacting with I–(aq) in the presence of OH–(aq). ClO- +H2O --> HOCl +OH- (fast, reversible)I- +HOCl --> HOI +Cl- (slow)HOI + HO- --> IO- +H2O You are trying to show that the rate law for this proposed mechanism matches an experimentallydetermined one. What is the expression for koverall or k’ for the proposed mechanism?Note: When writing an expression, H2O is not involved (just don’t include it).determine the rate constant k of mixture 1, 4, 5 rate = r = k[I-]^1 [S2O82-]^1Determine the ΔSsystem given the reaction. C6H12O6(s) + O2(g) ----> CO2(g) + H2O(l).