Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
The two sides of the DNA double helix are connected by pairs of bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine). Because of the geometric shape of these molecules, adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine. The figure (Figure 1) shows the thymine-adenine bond. Each charge shown is ±e, and the H−N distance is 0.110 nm.
A) Calculate the net force that thymine exerts on adenine. To keep the calculations fairly simple, yet reasonable, consider only the forces due to the O−H−N and the N−H−N combinations, assuming that these two combinations are parallel to each other. Remember, however, that in the O−H−N set, the O− exerts a force on both the H+ and the N−, and likewise along the N−H−N set.
B) Is the net force attractive or repulsive?
C) Calculate the force on the electron in the hydrogen atom, which is 5.29×10−2 nm from the proton.
D) Compare the strength of the bonding force of the electron in hydrogen with the bonding force of the adenine-thymine molecules.
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