O KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM Using an equilibrium constant to predict the direction of spontaneous reaction A chemical engineer is studying the following reaction: H,(9)+Cl,(9) → 2 HC1(g) At the temperature the engineer picks, the equilibrium constant K, for this reaction is 0.72. The engineer charges ("fills") three reaction vessels with hydrogen and chlorine, and lets the reaction begin. He then measures the compe mixture inside each vessel from time to time. His first set of measurements are shown in the table below. Predict the changes in the compositions the engineer should expect next time he measures the compositions. reaction compound pressure expected change in pressure vessel H, 5.79 atm I decrease (no change) increase C1, 4.17 atm ↑ increase I decrease (no change) нсі 4.17 atm f increase I decrease (no change) H, 4.63 atm f increase decrease (no change) Cl, 3.43 atm I decrease (no change) increase 2.40 atm O (no change) нсі ↑ increase Į decrease H, 4.66 atm decrease (no change) increase C1, 3.46 atm ↑ increase I decrease O (no change) HCI 2.34 atm f increase I decrease (no change)

O KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM Using an equilibrium constant to predict the direction of spontaneous reaction A chemical engineer is studying the following reaction: H,(9)+Cl,(9) → 2 HC1(g) At the temperature the engineer picks, the equilibrium constant K, for this reaction is 0.72. The engineer charges ("fills") three reaction vessels with hydrogen and chlorine, and lets the reaction begin. He then measures the compe mixture inside each vessel from time to time. His first set of measurements are shown in the table below. Predict the changes in the compositions the engineer should expect next time he measures the compositions. reaction compound pressure expected change in pressure vessel H, 5.79 atm I decrease (no change) increase C1, 4.17 atm ↑ increase I decrease (no change) нсі 4.17 atm f increase I decrease (no change) H, 4.63 atm f increase decrease (no change) Cl, 3.43 atm I decrease (no change) increase 2.40 atm O (no change) нсі ↑ increase Į decrease H, 4.66 atm decrease (no change) increase C1, 3.46 atm ↑ increase I decrease O (no change) HCI 2.34 atm f increase I decrease (no change)

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter12: Chemical Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12.108PAE: 12.108 A nuclear engineer is considering the effect of discharging waste heat from a power plant...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

The equilibrium constant for the butane iso-butane equilibrium at 25 C is 2.50. Calculate rG at this temperature in units of kJ/mol.
Predict the temperature at which the reaction in Exercise 17.67 comes to equilibrium. Consider the equation G = H TS. At some value of T, G equals zero and the reaction is at equilibrium. Set G = 0, substitute for H and S (assuming that they do not vary much with temperature) and solve for T. CH3CHO(l)+52O2(g)2CO2(g)+2H2O(l)
12.108 A nuclear engineer is considering the effect of discharging waste heat from a power plant into a lake and estimates that this may warm the water locally to 25 °C. One question to be considered is the effect of this temperature change on the uptake of CO2 by the water. The equilibrium constant for the reaction CO2+H2OH2CO3 ; is K=1.7103 at 25 °C. Because bonds form, the reaction is exothermic. (a) Will this reaction progress further toward products at higher temperatures near the water discharge with its warmer water than it would in the cooler lake water? Explain your reasoning. (b) Carbonic acid has a Kaof 2.5104 at 25 °C. What is the equilibrium constant for the CO2+2H2OHCO3+H3O+? (c) What additional factor should the engineer be considering about CO2 gas, probably before considering this reaction chemistry?
If wet silver carbonate is dried in a stream of hot air. the air must have a certain concentration level of carbon dioxide to prevent silver carbonate from decomposing by the reaction Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) H for this reaction is 79.14 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 25 to 125C. Given that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in equilibrium with pure solid silver carbonate is 6.23 103 torr at 25C, calculate the partial pressure of CO2 necessary to prevent decomposition ofAg2CO3 at 110C. (Hint: Manipulate the equation in Exercise 79.)
Consider the following hypothetical reactions and their equilibrium constants at 75C, 3A(g)3B(g)+2C(g)K1=0.31 3D(g)+2B(g)2C(g)K1=2.8 Find the equilibrium constant at 75C for the following reaction A(g)D(g)+53B(g)
. Gaseous phosphorus pentachloride decomposes according to the reaction PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)The equilibrium system was analyzed at a particular temperature, and the concentrations of the substances present were determined to be [PCl5]=1.1102M,[PCl3]=0.325M. and [Cl2]=3.9103M. Calculate the value of K for the reaction.
The standard equilibrium constant is 2.1109for this reaction at 25 C Zn2+(aq)+4NH3(aq)Zn(NH3)42+(aq) (a) Calculate rG at this temperature. (b) If standard-state concentrations of the reactants andproducts are combined, in which direction will the reaction proceed? (c) Calculate rG when [Zn(NH3)42+] = 0.010 M, [Zn2+] =0.0010 M, and [NH3] = 3.5104M.
Consider the reaction 2HI(g)H2(g)+I2(g)At 500C a flask initially has all three gases, each at a partial pressure of 0.200 atm. When equilibrium is established, the partial pressure of HI is determined to be 0.48 atm. What is G for the reaction at 500C?
Calculate K for the formation of methyl alcohol at 100C: CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) given that at equilibrium, the partial pressures of the gases are PCO=0.814 atm, PH2=0.274 atm, and PCH3OH=0.0512 atm.
Titanium(IV) oxide is converted to titanium carbide with carbon at a high temperature. TiO2(s) + 3 C(s) 2 CO(g) + TiC(s) (a) Calculate rG and K at 727 C. (b) Is the reaction product-favored at equilibrium at this temperature? (c) How can the reactant or product concentrations be adjusted for the reaction to proceed at 727 C?
Given the following data at 25C 2NO(g)N2(g)+O2(g)K=1 10 30 2NO(g)+Br2(g)2NOBr(g)K=8 101 Calculate K for the formation of one mole of NOBr from its elements in the gaseous state.
At mom temperature, the equilibrium constant (Kw) for the self-ionization of water is 1.001014. Using this information, calculate the standard free energy change for the aqueous reaction of hydrogen ion with hydroxide ion to produce water. (Hint: The reaction is the reverse of the self-ionization reaction.)

SEE MORE QUESTIONS

Recommended textbooks for you

Chemistry for Engineering Students

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781337398909

Author:

Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781305957404

Author:

Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781305079243

Author:

Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781133611097

Author:

Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour…

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781305580343

Author:

Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781133949640

Author:

John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry for Engineering Students

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781337398909

Author:

Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781305957404

Author:

Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781305079243

Author:

Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781133611097

Author:

Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour…

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781305580343

Author:

Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Chemistry

ISBN:

9781133949640

Author:

John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS