
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Please explain structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
mRNA molecules?
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- The mRNA formed from the repeating tetranucleotide UUACincorporates only three amino acids, but the use of UAUC incorporates four amino acids. Why?arrow_forwardKnowing that the genetic code is almost universal, a scientist uses molecular biological methods to insert the human β-globin gene (Shown in Figure 17.11) into bacterial cells, hoping the cells will express it and synthesize functional β-globin protein. Instead, the protein produced is nonfunctional and is found to contain many fewer amino acids than does β-globin made by a eukaryotic cell. Explain why.arrow_forwardGiven the following mRNA sequence, what is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide that will be produced in the cell? 5’ – CGAGGUAUGCCAACGUGCGUCUAAUCCCGA-3arrow_forward
- A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two introns and three exons: exon 1–intron 1–exon 2–intron 2–exon 3. The 5′ splice site at the boundary between exon 2 and intron 2 has been eliminated by a small deletion in the gene. Describe how the pre-mRNA encoded by this mutant gene will be spliced. Indicate which introns and exons will be found in the mRNA after splicing occurs.arrow_forwardWrite down the corresponding amino acids sequence for each mRNA sequence. Use the codon chart.arrow_forwardA common feature of many eukaryotic mRNAs is the presence of a rather long 3′ UTR, which often contains consensus sequences. Creatine kinase B (CK-B) is an important enzyme in cellular metabolism. Certain cells—termed U937D cells—have lots of CK-B mRNA, but no CK-B enzyme is present. In these cells, the 5′ end of the CK-B mRNA is bound to ribosomes, but the mRNA is apparently not translated. Something inhibits the translation of the CK-B mRNA in these cells. Researchers introduced numerous short segments of RNA containing only 3′ UTR sequences into U937D cells. As a result, the U937D cells began to synthesize the CK-B enzyme, but the total amount of CK-B mRNA did not increase. The introduction of short segments of other RNA sequences did not stimulate the synthesis of CK-B; only the 3′ UTR sequences turned on the translation of the enzyme. On the basis of these results, propose a mechanism for the inhibition of CK-B translation in the U937D cells. Explain how the introduction of short…arrow_forward
- MRNAs and eukaryotic cells receive different modifications than those in prokaryotic cells, because eukaryotic mRNAs must be able to accomplish different things. Which of the following describes events that are necessary for an mRNA to be expressed in a eukaryotic cell, but are not necessary for mRNAs in a prokaryotic cell? select all that apply A) introns must be removed from the eukaryotic mRNA B) The mRNA must leave from the nucleus C) transcription factors must bind to the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell after it is transcribed D) A ribsome must bind to the mRNA .arrow_forwardIndicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule. Use the genetic code table and assume that the very first “AUG” the ribosome encounters will serve as the start codon and specify methionine. 5’-AAUUCAUGCCCAAAUUUGGGGCACGAAGCUUCUUAGGCUAGUCCUAAAAAA-3’arrow_forwardA monocistronic mRNA is defined by… Group of answer choices The presence of a 5’ triphosphate The absence of introns The presence of one coding sequence The absence of a poly(A) tail Eukaryotic mRNAs are protected on the 5’ end by… Group of answer choices A methylated guanosine A polymer of adenine A triphosphate RNA primer Eukaryotic mRNAs are typically processed in this order: Group of answer choices Introns spliced out, poly(A) tail added, capped Poly(A) tail added, capped, introns spliced out Capped, poly(A) tail added, introns spliced out Capped, introns spliced out, poly(A) tail addedarrow_forward
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