Please help me answer these questions.1.1 A wire with 3 micron radius is made from 9 cm copper, 0.5 cm iron, and 11 cm copper all joined end to end (i.e., in series). Assume the joints are perfect and have no additional resistance. What is the total resistance of the wire? (extra info Fig 1)1.2 In a welding process, a current of 400 A flows through the arc when the voltage is 35 V. The length of the arc is 2.5mm, and the average diameter of the arc is 4.5mm. Calculate the current density in the arc, the electric field across the arc, and the electrical conductivity of the hot gases in the arc during welding.1.3 A 4-79 permalloy solenoid coil needs to produce a minimum inductance of 1.5 Wb/m2. If the maximum allowed current is 8mA, how many turns are required in a wire 132cm long? (extra info Fig 2) Table 20-4 Properties of selected soft magnetic materialsPermeability u,Initial Maximum He(A - m-1)Coercivity Retentivity Bmax ResistivityB, (T)(T)(un . m)NameCompositionIngot iron99.8% Fe1505000800.772.140.10Low-carbon steel 99.5% Fe20040001002.141.12Silicon iron,Fe-3% Si2708000602.010.47unorientedSilicon iron,Fe-3% Si140050,00071.202.010.50grain-oriented4750 alloyFe-48% Ni11,00080,00021.550.484-79 permalloyFe-4% Mo-79% Ni40,000200,0000.800.58SuperalloyFe-5% Mo-80% Ni 80,000450,0000.40.780.652V-PermendurFe-2% V-49% Co800450,0000.40.780.65SupermendurFe-2% V-49% Co100,000162.002.300.40Metglas 2650SC Feg B13.5Sig.6C2300,00031.461.611.35Metglas 2650S-2 Be7gB13S9600,0001.351.561.37MnZn ferriteMnZn ferriteH5C210,0007.0.090.401.5 x 105H5E18,00030.120.445 x 104Nizn ferriteK5b290800.250.332 x 1012 Table 19-1 Electrical conductivity of selectedmaterials at T = 300 K*Conductivity(ohm 1. cm 1)Conductivity(ohm 1. cm-1)MaterialMaterialSuperconductorsSemiconductorsHg, Nb;SnYBa,CuzO7-xMgB2Group 4B elementsSiGeInfinite (under certain conditions4 X 10-6such as low temperatures)0.02MetalsCompound semiconductorsAlkali metalsGaAsAIAS2.5 x 10-9Na2.13 x 1050.11.64 X 105Sic10-10Alkali earth metalslonic ConductorsMg2.25 x 1053.16 x 105Indium tin oxide (ITO)Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-104<1014CaGroup 3B metalsInsulators, Linear, and Nonlinear DielectricsAl3.77 x 105PolymersPolyethylenePolytetrafluoroethylenePolystyreneGa0.66 x 10510-1510-1810-17 to 10-1910-12 to 10-17Transition metalsFe1.00 x 105Ni1.46 x 105ЕрохуGroup 1B metalsCeramicsCu5.98 x 1056.80 X 105Alumina (Al2O3)Silicate glassesBoron nitride (BN)Barium titanate (BaTiO)C (diamond)10-1410-1710-1310-14<10-18AgAu4.26 x 105

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Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning with these NEW titles from Engineering!)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305387102

Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Publisher:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Chapter11: Heat Transfer By Radiation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11.2DP

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Please help me answer these questions.

1.1 A wire with 3 micron radius is made from 9 cm copper, 0.5 cm iron, and 11 cm copper all joined end to end (i.e., in series). Assume the joints are perfect and have no additional resistance. What is the total resistance of the wire? (extra info Fig 1)

1.2 In a welding process, a current of 400 A flows through the arc when the voltage is 35 V. The length of the arc is 2.5mm, and the average diameter of the arc is 4.5mm. Calculate the current density in the arc, the electric field across the arc, and the electrical conductivity of the hot gases in the arc during welding.

1.3 A 4-79 permalloy solenoid coil needs to produce a minimum inductance of 1.5 Wb/m2. If the maximum allowed current is 8mA, how many turns are required in a wire 132cm long? (extra info Fig 2)

Table 20-4 Properties of selected soft magnetic materials
Permeability u,
Initial Maximum He(A - m-1)
Coercivity Retentivity Bmax Resistivity
B, (T)
(T)
(un . m)
Name
Composition
Ingot iron
99.8% Fe
150
5000
80
0.77
2.14
0.10
Low-carbon steel 99.5% Fe
200
4000
100
2.14
1.12
Silicon iron,
Fe-3% Si
270
8000
60
2.01
0.47
unoriented
Silicon iron,
Fe-3% Si
1400
50,000
7
1.20
2.01
0.50
grain-oriented
4750 alloy
Fe-48% Ni
11,000
80,000
2
1.55
0.48
4-79 permalloy
Fe-4% Mo-79% Ni
40,000
200,000
0.80
0.58
Superalloy
Fe-5% Mo-80% Ni 80,000
450,000
0.4
0.78
0.65
2V-Permendur
Fe-2% V-49% Co
800
450,000
0.4
0.78
0.65
Supermendur
Fe-2% V-49% Co
100,000
16
2.00
2.30
0.40
Metglas 2650SC Feg B13.5Sig.6C2
300,000
3
1.46
1.61
1.35
Metglas 2650S-2 Be7gB13S9
600,000
1.35
1.56
1.37
MnZn ferrite
MnZn ferrite
H5C2
10,000
7.
0.09
0.40
1.5 x 105
H5E
18,000
3
0.12
0.44
5 x 104
Nizn ferrite
K5b
290
80
0.25
0.33
2 x 1012

Table 19-1 Electrical conductivity of selected
materials at T = 300 K*
Conductivity
(ohm 1. cm 1)
Conductivity
(ohm 1. cm-1)
Material
Material
Superconductors
Semiconductors
Hg, Nb;Sn
YBa,CuzO7-x
MgB2
Group 4B elements
Si
Ge
Infinite (under certain conditions
4 X 10-6
such as low temperatures)
0.02
Metals
Compound semiconductors
Alkali metals
GaAs
AIAS
2.5 x 10-9
Na
2.13 x 105
0.1
1.64 X 105
Sic
10-10
Alkali earth metals
lonic Conductors
Mg
2.25 x 105
3.16 x 105
Indium tin oxide (ITO)
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)
-104
<1014
Ca
Group 3B metals
Insulators, Linear, and Nonlinear Dielectrics
Al
3.77 x 105
Polymers
Polyethylene
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Polystyrene
Ga
0.66 x 105
10-15
10-18
10-17 to 10-19
10-12 to 10-17
Transition metals
Fe
1.00 x 105
Ni
1.46 x 105
Ероху
Group 1B metals
Ceramics
Cu
5.98 x 105
6.80 X 105
Alumina (Al2O3)
Silicate glasses
Boron nitride (BN)
Barium titanate (BaTiO)
C (diamond)
10-14
10-17
10-13
10-14
<10-18
Ag
Au
4.26 x 105

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