Primitives of transport service assume asymmetry between the two end points during connection establishment, one end (server) executes LISTEN while the other end (client) executes CONNECT. However, in peer to peer applications such file sharing systems, e.g. BitTorrent, all end points are peers. There is no server or client functionality. How can transport service primitives may be used to build such peer to peer applications?

Consider an employee using their computer to send and retrieve email at their workplace.  Only Ethernet networks are used for physical connectivity, but the mail server is located on a separate network.  The employee’s network and the mail server’s network are connected by a single router which also has a connection to the Internet via the workplace’s ISP.   Explain how the employees email client sends and receives emails using the email server, indicating any protocols involved and where any encapsulation/decapsulation occurs as data travels between the client, local mail server, and remote mail servers.

Download delays for 100 objects (HTTP 1.1 with local web caching). Consider  an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 2  seconds. Suppose the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is  3 seconds.  There is also a local web cache, as shown in the figure below, with negligible (zero)  propagation delay and object transmission time. The client makes 100 requests one  after the other, waiting for a reply before sending the next request. All requests first go  to the cache (which also has a 2.0 sec. RTT delay to the server but zero RTT to the  client).  How much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the  last requested object, assuming no use of the IF-MODIFIED-SINCE header line anywhere, and  assuming that 50% of the objects requested are "hits" (found) in the local cache?  Your answer should be among the following list( 702 secs, 552 secs, 352 secs, 350 secs, 150 secs) . Show your…

Q: Imagine a Web server that maintains a table in which client IP addresses are mapped to the most recently accessed Web pages. When a client connects to the server, the server looks up the client in its table, and if found, returns the registered page. Is this server stateful or stateless?

Https is a protocol used to secure websites from being tampered with by other parties without proper authorization. it bridges the gap between sender and receiver.Using protocols like secure socket layer/TLS, HTTPS encrypts data sent over the internet, making it unreadable to anybody who shouldn't have it.This prevents a "man in the middle" assault on the system.Such assaults intercept messages before they reach their intended recipient.It then transmits the revised information to the user.It guarantees the server's authenticity, too.

Dynamic linking has one huge advantage and a number of smaller ones. Name the huge one and a couple of the little ones

Can an application rely on UDP for dependable data transport? In such instance, what steps would you take to achieve your goal?