Problem 2. Congratulations! Upon graduating you accept a well-deserved job with XER Consulting. Your first job involves a consulting gig with a state subcommittee on health care issues. The Senate health care subcommittee is considering the expansion of two existing public health programs. One program concerns additional funding for nursing homes around the state. The other program involves additional funding for community health centers around the state. In both cases the funding is supposed to be used to attract more nurses for expansion purposes. Your job involves the following four tasks: C. Use the production possibilities curve to graphically show and verbally explain how both programs could be expanded at a lower opportunity cost if growth is expected for the public health care system. Refer to points on the graph in your explanation.
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- As the COVID-19 crisis continues to deepen, the significant health and economic consequences of this disease is cripplingeven the most developed nations. With < 0.5% of globally confirmed cases occurring in Africa, the continent appears so farto be relatively spared the untoward direct health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease nonetheless hasalready had a destabilizing effect on the lives of millions of Africans with disproportionate impact on the poor andunderserved. The interconnectedness that characterizes globalization has brought economic benefits to many Africancountries. With COVID-19, there have been disruptions in Africa’s global supply chains in the face of tumbling oil prices anda lowered global demand for African non-oil products, which constitutes a threat to the economic stability of the continent.Projected losses from oil shocks alone may result in a reduction in Africa’s export revenues by about US$101 billion in2020.This dip in oil prices will…One of these is NOT TRUE about Cost-utility analysis: a. It measures outcomes in Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY), and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) b. Cost is measured in monetary units c. The limitation of this analysis is that it is difficult to compare the interventions with differing natural effects d. It is used to make policy level decisionsY8 Analysis on the perceived occurrence of challenges delaying the delivery of water infrastructure assets in South AfricaIntroductionInfrastructure development is of paramount importance for a sustainable economy that is competitive and productive. However, inflexible government’s fiscal policies, high budget deficits and lack of debt reduction strategies experienced by the public sector directly affect infrastructure development (Ruiters and Matji, 2015). The public sector experiences challenges of provisioning for public infrastructure assets. There are many challenges delaying infrastructure development. The study explored infrastructure backlog and deficits as alarming challenges to adequately fund and deliver water infrastructure assets in South Africa. Kudumela (2015) outlines challenges of infrastructure development: insufficient skills capacity at the municipal level, lack of funding, political instability and corruption, while Senyakoe (2011) indicates that municipalities…
- The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted both the education and health system in most, if not all, nations in the world. The scarring effects of the pandemic are predicted to be long-lasting, some of which are the fear of learning-loss and lower future earnings for the current students. Provide evidence(s) that support and/or contradict this statement! If such scarring is expected to occur, would the scarring effects would be worse for the developing countries than the developed ones, and whether the effects would be worse for certain groups such as the poor, women, children, etc.!“The consumption function and budget constraints explained are useful elements inunderstanding the microeconomic approach to health spending.” With the use ofappropriate graphs and mathematical expressions, critically evaluate this statement.Assume that people receiving intervention A live 5 years at quality of life of 0.8 and people receiving intervention B live 10 years at quality of life of 0.4. Assume further that the two intervention have equal costs. Compare the cost-effectiveness of these interventions relative to each other and discuss how that would be altered by inclusion of future costs for younger adults and older adults.
- 1. The adoption of a systems-analysis perspective in the case of the Thai GPI did not affect the GPI value that was estimated. However, because it placed the various GPI items into various domains, it probably improved the policy-guiding value of the GPI study. Group of answer choices True False 2. In the early-1990s, Vietnam’s per capita GDP and per capita GPI both rose together. After 1996, the Vietnam’s per capita GDP continued to rise but its per capita GPI plateaued. On the surface at least, this suggests that the nexus between per capita GDP and the per capita GPI was severed in Vietnam. Group of answer choices True False 3. In the case of Japan, calculating an ‘open economy’ GPI would be superior to calculating the standard GPI because: Group of answer choices Japan has a very open economy. many of the environmental costs associated with Japan’s production of goods and services are borne by countries which export natural resources to Japan. Japan has come close to reaching…The Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) for CoViD-19 is composed of Metro Manila Mayors, Cabinet (Executive Branch) members, and representatives of the academe and medical profession. With the latest upsurge of infection cases, the IATF is deciding on the next quarantine protocol. The table below shows the results of the votation (rankings) on three proposed quarantine measures. Proposal MM Mayors Cabinet Academe/Medical Professionals ECQ (Enhanced) 1 3 3 GCQ (General) 3 1 2 TCQ (Targeted) 2 2 1 Total voters 15 12 9 Which proposal wins by majority rule?Three types of health sector reforms are Imposed, Big ‘R’ and Small‘R’ reforms.Carefully provide points for three (3) Health Sector Reforms (one from each type previously mentioned)that has been implemented in the Caribbean region over the last 10 years.
- An important distinction in health insurance is between the list price (PL) and out-of-pocket price (PP) of a medical good or service. The list price is the official price that the provider charges the insurance company, while the out-of-pocket price is the price that the insurance customer faces. Sometimes, the out-of-pocket price depends on the list price. d. Now assume the consumer is part of a partial insurance plan with a coinsurance provision. Her insurance pays 50% of all medical expenses. Consider again the relationship between PL and PP and plot a coinsurance plan demand curve in PL - Q space. Label this curve D3. e. Finally, assume the consumer is part of a partial insurance plan with a copayment provision. Her insurance pays all expenses above and beyond her copayment of $25 for each unit of Q. Consider again the relationship between PL and PP and plot a copayment-plan demand curve in PL - Q space. Label this curve D4.Susan was frustrated. As chair of the school of nursing at the local university, she wantedher students to get used to using electronic health records. Ideally, these students wouldleave her program and be able to use their employer’s EHR system without any additionalorientation. Other campus health profession leaders had similar concerns. However, thefaculty found that within a 100-mile radius of the university, the area’s many hospitals andthree main healthcare systems all used different EHR vendors.The local healthcare systems promoted electronic health information. They were allconcerned about the safety and security of the records and the needs of their patients. Theywere also aware of the national push for system to integrate EHRs. In reality, however, therecords housed in the variety of systems could not be shared. The software was toodisconnected and dissimilar.Susan wondered what her next step should be. Which system should she adopt, ifany? How could she help move these…Suppose Tim is deciding how much to invest in his health, and his Marginal Efficiency of Investment (MEI) curve for health inputs (H = hours spent exercising per week) is given by the following equation: H = 40 – 100(r+δ), where r is discount rate and δ is the rate of health capital depreciation. If Tim’s discount rate is 8% (or 0.08), and his rate of depreciation of health capital is 4% (or 0.04), how many hours per week will he spend exercising? Show your work. Now, suppose Tim gets a large raise at work, such that his hourly wage doubles. Would we expect his optimal level of health investment to change as a result? If so, how and why? Explain your answer using the theoretical framework.