QSR has been reporting on the largest quick-serve and fast casual brands in the United States for nearly 15 years. The table below contains the food segment (burger, chicken, pizza, or sandwich) and the U.S. mean for sales per unit ($ thousands) for each of 38 quick-service brands. a) At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in in the mean U.S. mean sales per unit ($ thousands) among food segments Company 2011 US Average Sales per Unit ($thousands)  Segment Arby’s 854.0 Sandwich Bojangles’ 1600.1 Chicken Boston Market 1102.0 Chicken Burger King* 1248.0 Burger Carl’s Jr. 1400.0 Burger Checkers/Rally’s 852.0 Burger Chick-fil-A 2893.5 Chicken Church’s Chicken 698.6 Chicken CiCi’s Pizza 895.4 Pizza Culver’s 1712.9 Burger Dairy Queen* 545.0 Burger Domino’s Pizza* 679.0 Pizza Einstein Bros. Bagels 884.0 Sandwich El Pollo Loco* 1425.0 Chicken Five Guys Burgers & Fries 1156.0 Burger Hardee’s 1100.0 Burger In-N-Out Burger* 1925.0 Burger Jack in the Box 1331.0 Burger Jason’s Deli 2200.0 Sandwich Jimmy John’s* 821.8 Sandwich KFC 940.0 Chicken Krystal* 1121.0 Burger Little Caesars* 465.0 Pizza McDonald’s 2500.0 Burger Panera Bread 2304.3 Sandwich Papa John’s 786.0 Pizza Papa Murphy’s 559.5 Pizza Pizza Hut 875.0 Pizza Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen* 1133.8 Chicken Quiznos* 345.0 Sandwich Sbarro 690.0 Pizza Sonic Drive-In 1037.0 Burger Steak ‘n Shake* 1650.0 Burger Subway* 469.0 Sandwich Wendy’s* 1456.0 Burger Whataburger 1801.0 Burger White Castle 1250.3 Burger Zaxby’s 1597.2 Chicken

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...