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- The oxidation of iodide ion by the hypochlorite ion in the presence of hydroxide ions I(aq) + ClO(aq) IO(aq) + Cl(aq) was studied at 25 C, and the following initial rates data (Y. Chia and R. E. Connick, Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 63, p. 1518, 1959) were collected: (a) Determine the rate law for this reaction. (b) One mechanism that has been proposed for this reaction is the following: Show that the rate law predicted by this mechanism matches the experimentally determined rate law in part a. (Note that when writing the expression for K the equilibrium constant, [H2O] is not involved. See Chapter 15.)The color change accompanying the reaction of phenolphthalein with strong base is illustrated below. The change in concentration of the dye can be followed by spectrophotometry (Section 4.9), and some data collected by that approach are given below. The initial concentrations were [phenolphthalein] = 0.0050 mol/L and [OH] = 0.61 mol/L. (Data are taken from review materials for kinetics at chemed.chem.purdue.edu.) (For more details on this reaction see L Nicholson, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 66, p. 725, 1989.) (a) Plot the data above as [phenolphthalein] versus time, and determine the average rate from t = 0 to t = 15 seconds and from t = 100 seconds to t = 125 seconds. Does the rate change? If so, why? (b) Use a graphical method to determine the order of the reaction with respect to phenolphthalein. Write the rate law, and determine the rate constant. (c) What is the half-life for the reaction?The rate of photodecomposition of the herbicide piclo- ram in aqueous systems was determined by exposure to sunlight for a number of days. One such experiment produced the following results. (Data from R.T. Hedlun and C.R. Youngson, “The Rates of Photodecomposition of Picloram in Aqueous Systems," Fate of Organic Pesticides in tbe Aquatic Environment, Advances in Chemistry Series, #111, American Chemical Society (1972), 159—172.) Exposure Time, t (days) [Pidoram] (mol L_1) 0 4.14 X 10-6 7 3.70 X 10-6 14 3.31 X 10-6 21 2.94 X 10~6 28 2.61 X 10~6 35 2.30 X 10-6 42 2.05 X 10-6 49 1.82 X 10"6 56 1.65 X 10-6 Determine the order of reaction, the rate constant, and the half-life for the photodecomposition of picloram.
- The ha lf-l ife of pyruvic acid in the presence of an aminotransferaseenzyme (which converts it to alanine) was found to be 221 s. How long will it take for the concentration of pyruvic acid to fal l to 1/ 64 of its in it ial va lue in th is first-order reaction?The vapor-liquid reactive equilibria for ethyl lactate synthesis follows the expressionlog K = 7.893 – (2.4312 x 103)K/Tbetween 83.12 °C and 101.54 °C. What are the ΔH°rxn, ΔG°rxn, and ΔS°rxn at 85 °C?Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47, 5, 1453–1463A student graphed lnk vs. 1/T and found the slope to be -6500. If R is 8.314 J K-1 mole-1, then the activation energy in kJ/mole is?
- Calculate the activation energy, , for the reaction 2N2O5 = 4NO2 +O2. from the observed rate constants: k at 25C = 3.46 x10^-5 and at 51C =9.40 x 10^-4 the gas constant R is 8.3145 x 10^-3 kj/molThe equilibrium NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ↔NH4+(aq) + OH−(aq) at 25 °C is subjected to a temperature jump which slightly increases the concentration of NH4+(aq) and OH−(aq). The measured relaxation time is 7.61 ns. The equilibrium constant for the system is 1.78 × 10−5 at 25 °C, and the equilibrium concentration of NH3(aq) is 0.15 mol dm−3. (a) Calculate the rate constant for the forward step. kf = _____________. Just value in 3 sig. fig., normal or exponential format, e.g. type in 1.16E6 meaning 1.16 x 106, must use capital E here. Choose a unit in the next question, must be in one of those.4 for each temperature . 4.8 c , 22.0c , 37.4c calculate 1/t and ln (rate ) . slope = -1.96E+03. activation energy 1.63E+04 J
- For the reaction NH2SO2OH + H2O → NH4HSO4 In aqueous solution at 80.35oC, the following constants were observed at the indicated ionic strength μ x103 k (L/mol hr) 5.06 1.07 11.21 1.02 15.85 0.976 22.94 0.886 From these data ascertain: a.) the valence of the reacting ions and b.) the rate constant for the primary salt effect.he equilibrium NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ↔NH4+(aq) + OH−(aq) at 25 °C is subjected to a temperature jump which slightly increases the concentration of NH4+(aq) and OH−(aq). The measured relaxation time is 7.61 ns. The equilibrium constant for the system is 1.78 × 10−5 at 25 °C, and the equilibrium concentration of NH3(aq) is 0.15 mol dm−3. (a) Calculate the rate constant for the forward step. kf,eff = _____________. Just value in 3 sig. fig., normal or exponential format, e.g. type in 1.16E6 meaning 1.16 x 106, must use capital E here. Choose a unit in the next question, must be in one of those. (b) choose a unit for the forward rate constant. no unit s-1 L/mol/s L2/mol2/sUsing collision theory, estimate the collision number for 1 mol of HI present in a volume of1 m3 at 300 K. Use dAA = 350 pm. If the activation energy for the decomposition of HI is 184 kJmol–1, what rate constant does kinetic theory predict at 300°C? To what pre-exponential factorand entropy of activation does this result correspond?