Refer to the graph showing the course of an action potential. Which of the numbered points along the graph represent the time when voltage-gated potassium channels are first activated? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Q: Describe in detail how movement of ions causes a neuron to fire . Make sure to include how membrane…

A: Every cell has an electric potential difference between inside and outside of the cell under the…

Q: a.Would an action potential travels faster in an axon with a wide diameter or a small diameter? b.…

A: The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is called a neuron. A neuron is composed of…

Q: Based on the graph, how soon could another action potential be easily initiated (at the end of the…

A: Nerve cells or muscle cells have a tendency to transmit impulses. The changes in the electrical…

Q: Draw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion…

A: An action potential (AP) occurs when the membrane potential of a particular cell position rises…

Q: Consider the following graph of an action potential: 60- 30- membrane potential (mV) O -30- -60 line…

A: Action potential refers to the sudden rise and fall of membrane potential across a cellular membrane…

Q: During the _____ phase of an action potential, both gates of the voltage regulated sodium channels…

A: The action potential (AP) is generated by the neurons and the muscle cells. The AP is comprised of…

Q: What is the relationship between action potential conduction and axonal diameter?

A: The neurons transmit the signal or information via electrochemical impulses called action potential…

Q: Describe the following terms: specificity, stimulus, receptor potential, synapse, neurotransmitter,…

A: Specificity indicates what percentage of those who do not have the condition have a negative result…

Q: What membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of…

A: Transporters refer to the membrane protein that transports the molecules and ions from outside of…

Q: What is the difference between action potentials, generator potentials, and receptor potentials

A: The impulse travels through various neurons by making changes in the existing potential or the…

Q: The extracellular sodium [Na+]0 is reduced in the saline bath. Following another current injection…

A: Polar large size molecules (glucose, amino acids) and Ions (Na+, H+,k+, Ca+) can't pass…

Q: How does the Action Potential Propagation occur?

A: The impulse generated at the axon hillock propagates as a wave on the axon.

Q: ou observe that a neuron treated with a metabolic inhibitor which prevents ATP generation still can…

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. The lipid bilayer is selectively permeable and is…

Q: What are THREE major functional characteristics of the voltage-gate Na+-channels and how do these…

A: Voltage gated sodium Ion channels are integral membrane proteins, present in the cell membrane of…

Q: What is the relative importance of the Na+/K+ pump in action potential propagation?

A:

Q: Describe the sequence of activation of ion channels leading to action potential propagation.

A: The action potential is produced in a nerve or muscle when it is stimulated. It is the method of…

Q: In an experiment, the extracellular [Na+] surrounding a nerve cell was reduced from 145 to 45 mM.…

A: In the presence and absence of an impulse, the nerve cells exist in two states known as action…

Q: Name any four neurotransmitters and state some functional differences between them?

A: The neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The neuron is also known as…

Q: Which of the following actions is paired INCORRECTLY with its numbered position on the graph? 501 30…

A: Channel proteins aid in the entrance and departure of substances within the cell. Channel proteins…

Q: Why would one use the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation? • What is the role of the Na+/K+ pump in…

A: Introduction :- In cells, the Na+K+-ATPase pump aids in maintaining osmotic balance and membrane…

Q: During synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters help to open gates on the postsynaptic skeletal…

A: Excitation in pre-synaptic membrane => opening of calcium ion VGIC (voltage gated ion…

Q: neurology, Will abolishing extracellular calcium concentration prevent electrical neuro transmission…

A: When the action potential reaches the nerve terminal, it activates voltage-dependent calcium…

Q: At which point in the graph do voltage-gated potassium channels open? (Base your answer to this…

A: The action potential refers to the sudden changes in the resting membrane potential of the neuron…

Q: On the graph above, when do the sodium ion channels close? Select one: a. between 0.2 ms and 0.5 ms,…

A: When the stimulus is provided, the Sodium ion VGIC's (Voltage-gated ion channel) move from resting…

Q: Why are chemically- sensitive gated channels associated with receptors at the synapse and…

A: The potential gradient that helps the movement of the ions is known as Membrane Potential. Membrane…

Q: Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to re-establish a resting…

A: Resting phase  The potential difference(a charge) across the membrane at rest is called the resting…

Q: Suppose you depolarize an axon midway between its initial segment and its terminus. А. In which…

A: Depolarisation of axon:  This occurs when the Sodium ions rapidly rush inside the neuron via…

Q: What takes place during the depolarization phase of an action potential? How is it an example of a…

A: Introduction:To communicate and respond to the stimulus, neurons need to communicate with each…

Q: Why does an action potential move in an all-or-nothing fashion down the length of an axon without…

A: Henry Pickering Bowditch first discussed the all or none law in 1871 in heart muscle. It means that…

Q: Which of the following can increase the likelihood of a neuron generating an action potential?…

A: Genesis and conduction of Action potential The axoplasm inside the axon of a nerve contain high…

Q: Explain the following; If a drug partly blocks a membrane’s potassium channels, how…

A: Potassium channels are most widely distributed ionic pores present in the living organisms. These…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a true statement? Action potentials are generated only when a neuron…

A: There are few important points that should be kept in mind: Neurons possess electrical excitability…

Q: Starting with the action of a neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic end of a neuron, what happens to…

A: Introduction: Neurotransmitters is the chemical messengers our  body can't function without it…

Q: What is the minimum amount of Glutamic acid in the system to initiate the action potential?

A: Glutamate or glutamic acid is a relative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which binds to…

Q: What does it mean for an action potential to be an “allor none” event?

A: Given: What does it mean for an action potential to be an “all or none” event?

Q: endrotoxins, produced by the mamba snakes are inhibitors of the voltage gated k+ channel. what phase…

A: Dendrotoxin is a small polypeptide which is present in the venom of Mamba snakes. Dendrotoxins have…

Q: Refer to the figure below to explain the mediation of action potentials by neurons using sodium and…

A: Action potential consists of six phases, resting stage, rising phase, overshoot phase, falling…

Q: Dendrotoxins, produced by the mamba snakes (Dendroaspis), are inhibitors of the voltage-gated K+…

A: Action potential generates when the neurons want to pass the information along the body from its…

Q: Which of the following would occur if a neuron was experimentally stimulated simultaneously at both…

A: Intercellular fluid (ICF) is the plasma that has left the capillaries and streamed into the spaces…

Q: neurotransmitter after being released from the synaptic vesicle?

A: The neurotransmitter after being released into synaptic cleft from the vesicles, They interact with…

Q: What determines the maximum rate of Action Potential firing?

A: The action potential is created when the membrane potential in a neuron accidentally rises and…

Q: We know the action potential threshold regulates whether a neuron fires an action potential or not.…

A: Action potential refers to the rapid increase followed by decrease in the voltage or membrane…

Q: What is a typical value for an inhibitory post synaptic potential? Why is inhibitory?

A: An inhibitory post synaptic potential is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic…

Q: The level of depolarization at which an action potential will be triggered is referred to as the…

A: Action potential develops only when the membrane acquires a more positive charge inside.

Q: What degree of action potential in which the membrane potential moves from its maximum degree of…

A: Repolarization is the degree of action potential in which the membrane potential moves from its…

Q: The axon hillock of a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation and the membrane potential becomes…

A: Potential for action is a fast reversal of membrane potential in which the membrane potential shifts…

Q: Define the term action potentials?

A: Conducting and contracting cells in our body use action potential as a mechanism for transfer of…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.