Second-gain stage Unity-gain stage Transconductance stage o +VDD +Vpp M3 M4 M3 M4 M5 Hi M5 Ca M1 Up Up Rz Cc M6 M6 M1 M2 M1 M2 I3(| o -Vss -Vss (b) (a) Figure 18.29 (a) Zero cancellation using resistor Rz; (b) elimination of the feed-forward path with M7.

Second-gain stage Unity-gain stage Transconductance stage o +VDD +Vpp M3 M4 M3 M4 M5 Hi M5 Ca M1 Up Up Rz Cc M6 M6 M1 M2 M1 M2 I3(| o -Vss -Vss (b) (a) Figure 18.29 (a) Zero cancellation using resistor Rz; (b) elimination of the feed-forward path with M7.

Power System Analysis and Design (MindTap Course List)

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305632134

Author:J. Duncan Glover, Thomas Overbye, Mulukutla S. Sarma

Publisher:J. Duncan Glover, Thomas Overbye, Mulukutla S. Sarma

Chapter6: Power Flows

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6.7MCQ

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Concept explainers

Operational Amplifier

An operational amplifier also called op amp is an integrated circuit or analog circuit that takes input as a differential voltage and produces output as a single-ended voltage. It is an IC that can amplify weak electric signals.An op amp has one output pin and two input pins. The basic role of an opamp is to amplify the voltage difference between the two input voltages. It is also used in filtering or to perform mathematical operations or in signal conditioning.

Question

Find the approximate location of f_Z for the op amp as shown using the values from the previous exercise. What value of R_Z is needed to eliminate f_Z?

Second-gain
stage
Unity-gain
stage
Transconductance
stage
o +VDD
+Vpp
M3
M4
M3
M4
M5
Hi M5
Ca
M1
Up
Up
Rz
Cc
M6
M6
M1
M2
M1
M2
I3(|
o -Vss
-Vss
(b)
(a)
Figure 18.29 (a) Zero cancellation using resistor Rz; (b) elimination of the feed-forward path with M7.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Expression of transconductance

$g_{m} = \sqrt{2 (K_{n}) (I_{D})}$

Calculating frequency of zero

$\begin{array}{rcl} f_{Z} & = & \frac{1}{2 π} (\frac{g_{m}}{C_{C}}) \\ f_{Z} & = & \frac{1}{2 π} (\frac{\sqrt{2 K_{n} I_{D}}}{C_{C}}) \\ f_{Z} & = & \frac{1}{2 π} (\frac{\sqrt{2 (1 m A / V^{2}) (500 μ A))}}{20 p F}) \\ f_{Z} & = & \frac{1}{2 π} (\frac{1 \times 10^{- 3}}{20 \times 10^{- 12}}) \\ = & 7.96 M H z \end{array}$

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