Select the pathways ahead that are exclusively performed by bacteria: -Disproportionation of thiosulfate -Metanogenesis -Photossyntesis -Desulfurylation -Methanotrophy -Ammonification -Nitrification -Denitrification -Methylotrphy -Assimilatory sulfate reduction -Dissimilatory sulfate reduction -Ammonium asimilation -Cemolithotrophic CO2 reduction -ANAMOX -Respiration -Nitrate assimilation -Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium -Atmospheric Nitrogen fixation -Elemental sulfur aerobic oxidation

Select the pathways ahead that are exclusively performed by bacteria: -Disproportionation of thiosulfate -Metanogenesis -Photossyntesis -Desulfurylation -Methanotrophy -Ammonification -Nitrification -Denitrification -Methylotrphy -Assimilatory sulfate reduction -Dissimilatory sulfate reduction -Ammonium asimilation -Cemolithotrophic CO2 reduction -ANAMOX -Respiration -Nitrate assimilation -Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium -Atmospheric Nitrogen fixation -Elemental sulfur aerobic oxidation

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter17: Metabolism: An Overview

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18P

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Select only the exclusive aerobic 4microbial pathways ahead: -Nitrate assimilation O Nitrification -Disproportionation of thiosulfate -Denitrification -Ammonium asimilation -Ammonification -Respiration -Dissimilatory sulfate reduction -Metanogenesis -Methanotrophy -ANAMOX -Assimilatory sulfate reduction -Methylotrphy -Chemolithotrophic CO2 reduction -Photossyntesis -Desulfurylation -Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium -Atmospheric Nitrogen fixation -Sulfide oxidation by colorless bacteria
Write the complete redox reactions for the following microbial metabolisms. Give an example of a type of environment where such bacteria may thrive (will there be plentiful O2? Organics-rich sediment? mineral-bearing rock formations etc?) Oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) by sulfate (H2SO4) reducers (redox products are CO2 and H2S). Oxidation of ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)2) by iron-oxidizing bacteria in oxygen (O2)-rich environment. Redox products are Fe(OH)3 and H2 Please write all redox reactions correctly and explain! Thanks!
I need to find two gram positive and two gram negative pathogenic bacteria that may be classified as being facultative anaerobes. What tissues or organs do these bacteria target in the human body? Why is it to their advantage to be able to use either aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration/fermentation?
You have evaluated the rate of aerobic degradation of organic matter in an industrial wastewater and found that it does not follow normal Monod kinetics. After some testing, you have found that the substrate degradation rate follows the following relationship instead: -rut = k0.5XaS0.5 where -rut = substrate utilization rate (mg/L•day) k = 4 (L/mg•d2) S = substrate concentration (mg/L) Xa = active microbial concentration (mg/L) You have also determined coefficients of bacterial growth on this substrate under aerobic conditions to be Y = 0.25 g VSSa/g substrate and b = 0.08/d. (VSSa, active volatile suspended solids) Estimate the effluent substrate concentration when treating the above wastewater in a CSTR (continuously stirred tank reactor) with recycle while operating at a θx (MCRT, mean cell residence time) of 4 day.
Archae are the source of many enzymes used for biocatalysis in diverse industries such as food and feed, pharmaceuticals, detergent, and beverage industries. These enzymes have unique structural and functional properties that enable use under extreme conditions. Use: https://biolres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40659-018-0186-3 for supplemental info What are three classes of extremophiles and their unique growth characteristics? Based on these characteristics, where are they typically found? The functional properties are linked to protein structural characteristics that imparts unique functional properties. For alkaliphiles and thermophiles, what structural elements (or characteristics) within the enzyme structure create these unique properties? See Table 2. Briefly discuss how the unique properties of these enzymes may be beneficial to the design of bioseparation processes. To recover intracellular enzymes, the Archae need to be lysed. Based on their structures,…
A chemolithoautotroph is respiring using only iron (Fe3+) and nitrite (NO2-). This bacterium does not consume organic molecules. Describe a result of this organism’s metabolic pathways that could be beneficial to another organism (of any type) living in close proximity
Which of the following would be an example of a microbial chemoautotroph? A yeast using oxidation/reduction of organic compounds as the energy source and organic compounds as the carbon source. An archaean using oxidation/reduction of inorganic compounds as the energy source and a organic compounds as the carbon source. A cyanobacterium using light as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. A bacterium using oxidation/reduction of inorganic compounds as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source.
Name two enzymes that are present in obligate aerobes but lacking in obligate anaerobes. What is the function of each enzyme?
Most ecosystems on Earth rely on sunlight as the primary energy source for the synthesis of organic compounds that living organisms need. Sunlight does not penetrate deep enough in the ocean to provide energy for organisms living near hydrothermal vents. How can these densely populated communities survive without energy from the sun? A. chemoheterotrophic bacteria convert organic compounds into carbon dioxide which is used by other organisms as an energy source B. chemoautotrophic bacteria harvest chemical energy from hydrogen sulfide and then provide the basis of food for the vent communities C. chemoheterotrophic bacteria harvest chemical energy from hydrogen sulfide and then provide the basis of food for the vent communities D. chemoautotrophic bacteria fix nitrogen which then is used as a source of energy for other organisms
The following four chemicals commonly found in defined growth media contain all of the necessary atomic macronutrients, namely C, O, N, H, S and P, which microbes require: glucose (C6H12O6), K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O, and (NH4)HPO4. Part a. Create a simple diagram to map which growth media chemical contributes atoms to which of the four biological macromolecules (amino acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and ribonucleic acids). Part b. Consider a cell culture broth that originally (before inoculation with cells) contains 5.0 gr/L glucose (C6H12O6), 1.2 gr/L K2HPO4, 0.3 gr/L MgSO4∙7H2O, and 1.0 gr/L (NH4)HPO4. Create a table showing how much of each of the different atoms (C, H, O, K, P, Mg, S, N) are available for incorporation into cell macromolecules (assume 50% of the glucose is catabolized, while the remainder goes for energy (respiration). Express your answers with units of grams of atomic species / liter of culture broth.
Which of the following statements is false? A. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria may form hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a product of the oxidation. B. Dissimilatory reduction of metals such as Fe3+ to Fe2+ represents anaerobic respiration. C. The nitrification reactions carried out by certain bacteria would be considered lithotrophy. D. Denitrification reactions would be considered anaerobic respiration.
A chemolithoautotroph is respiring using only iron (Fe3+) and nitrite (NO2-). This bacterium does not consume organic molecules. From where does this organism obtain its carbon?