Some cells lining tubules in the kidneymaintain normal cell volume bysynthesizing organic solutes. Where inthe kidney would you expect to findthese cells? Explain.
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Some cells lining tubules in the kidney
maintain normal cell volume by
synthesizing organic solutes. Where in
the kidney would you expect to find
these cells? Explain.
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- If two solutions with different osmolarities are separated by awater-permeable membrane, why will a change occur in thevolumes of the two compartment?Define osmosis, and describe how osmotic pressure iscreated. As the concentration of a solution increases, whathappens to its osmotic pressure and to the tendency forwater to move into the solution?What is the osmolarity of the solution? Is it hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic with blood plasma (0.30 osmol)? Discuss possible medicinal reasons forthe osmolarity of the solution.
- Given a selectively permeable membrane that is permeableto water but not to a particular solute and given that thereare different solute concentrations on the two sides of themembrane, show the direction of water movement and labelthe side with the higher osmotic pressure.Solution A is hyperosmotic to solution B. If solution A is separatedfrom solution B by a selectively permeable membrane, does watermove from solution A into solution B, or vice versa? ExplainIn which kind of cellularstructure would aquaporins be delivered totheir destination in the cell membrane?
- Why could it be dangerous to drink a very large amountof water in a short period of time?A person in liver failure is deficient in large proteins usually found in the plasma. Whatwill happen to fluid in the extracellular space (interstitial space)? Why? How will thisaffect the appearance of the patient?A cell develops a mutation in its potassium channelsthat prevents the ions from leaving the cell. If the cell’saquaporins are still active, what will happen to the cell?Be sure to describe the tonicity and osmolarity of thecell.
- SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney function inkangaroo rats. You measure urine volume and osmolarity, as wellas the amount of chloride (Cl-) and urea in the urine. If the watersource provided to the animals were switched from tap water toa 2% NaCl solution, indicate what change in urine osmolarityyou would expect. How would you determine if this change wasmore likely due to a change in the excretion of Cl-or urea?If a culture of Paramecium caudatum had NaCl added to modify extracellular solute concentration, how would the cell react to different solute concentrations what effect does it have osmoregulation? What observation would we expect to see under the microscope?What are the main mineralsalts responsible for thecellular osmotic regulation?