Suppose that an allele is present in blue-footed booby offspring that causes a nestling to share its food with its nest-mate if it is not particularly hungry during times of adequate food availability. This gene imposes a fitness cost of 0.3 on those who carry it, while conferring a benefit of 0.4 on the sibling who receives the additional food. This gene will increase in frequency if the two nest-mates are always half siblings (with the same mother but different fathers). O True

Suppose that an allele is present in blue-footed booby offspring that causes a nestling to share its food with its nest-mate if it is not particularly hungry during times of adequate food availability. This gene imposes a fitness cost of 0.3 on those who carry it, while conferring a benefit of 0.4 on the sibling who receives the additional food. This gene will increase in frequency if the two nest-mates are always half siblings (with the same mother but different fathers). O True

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter56: Animal Behavior

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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In a particular bird species who live socially, we sometimes see an individual in the social group helping to rear the offspring of its siblings, rather than finding a mate and reproducing itself. Describe the expected relative importance of direct and indirect fitness benefits to the individual helper, explain your answer. Explain how this same helper could improve its fitness by helping raise the offspring of an unrelated couple.
After observing a finite population of asexually reproducing salamanders, which of the following outcomes is consistent with Müller’s ratchet? a. The population fitness will decline due to the least fit individuals randomly not surviving to produce offspring into the next generation. b. The population fitness will increase due to the most fit individuals randomly not surviving to produce offspring into the next generation. c. The population fitness will decline due to the most fit individuals randomly not surviving to produce offspring into the next generation. d. The population fitness will increase due to the least fit individuals randomly not surviving to produce offspring into the next generation.
Ancestors of the beach mouse mayhave exhibited variations in their coat color. Because of the prevalence of visualpredators, the better-camouflaged (lighter) mice in the beach habitat may havesurvived longer and been able to produce more offspring. Over time, a higher andhigher proportion of individuals in the population would have had the adaptation of lighter fur that acted to camouflage the mouse in the beach habitat.
Based on the data shown in the graph, select the statements that describe what happens whenever one sex becomes rare or common. When one sex becomes rare, parents producing that sex have higher fitness due to a higher probability of mating success in their offspring. The rare sex becomes more common. When one sex becomes common, parents producing that sex have reduced fitness due to a lower probability of mating success in their offspring. The common sex becomes rarer. When one sex becomes rare, the other sex becomes common due to random fluctuations in the production of male and female offspring. The fitness of the parents is not affected. When one sex becomes either more rare or more common, parents produce an equal number of sons and daughters. The sex ratio returns to an equal number of males and females.
In the purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus), most subordinate helpers at the nest feed full siblings or half siblings, but some helpers are unrelated to the nestlings they assist (Kingma et al. 2011). What Darwinian puzzle is created by these findings, and how might you solve the puzzle by using inclusive fitness theory, as Uli Reyer did in his pied kingfisher study? What predictions follow from the explanation(s) that you propose? Please Do not write from an online source
Does Figure 6.5(C) use relative fitness or absolute fitness of the horned lizards in calculating the fitness function? How can you tell from the graph?
The theory of kin selection (inclusive fitness) takes into account that an organism can pass on copies of its genes through the reproduction of close relatives. True or False
The graph in Figure 3 represents the beak sizes of the offspring of the birds that survived the drought of1977. (The survivors were represented by the black bars in Figure 2, and this graph shows the beak depth distribution of their offspring in 1978.) Explain the observed change in beak characteristics using the following concepts in your answer: competition, survival of the fittest, inheritance.
To say that a feature is adaptive is unsatisfying unless we have some idea of what it is adaptive for: by what mechanism did it increase fitness? What is its function?
Kingma et al. (2011) found that in the purple-crowned fairy-wren, most subordinate helpers at the nest feed full siblings or half siblings, but some helpers are unrelated to the nestlings they assist. What Darwinian puzzle is created by these findings, and how might you solve the puzzle by using inclusive fitness theory? What predictions follow from the explanation(s) that you propose?
Which statement best explains why an understanding of life-history trade-offs is important when examining the fitness of an organism? A. Because individuals may not be producing the maximum number of offspring they possibly can in any particular breeding season. B. Because in any particular breeding season, individuals may need to produce fewer offspring to enhance their own survival. C. Because individuals need to live longer, so they will not produce the maximum number of offspring each season. D. Because when individuals need offspring, they can choose whether to reproduce or not.
In a population of birds, males have long red tail feathers that they use in mating displays, and also sing in the mornings to attract females. You find that some males have more red feathers in their tails than others, while some sing for longer periods of time. In this bird species, a high proportion of eggs fail to hatch. You measure the number of eggs that successfully hatch that are fathered by each male bird, and find that the number of successful hatchlings is proportional to how long a male sings, but is unrelated to the amount of red in his tail. Question: Propose an explanation for why males evolved both to sing and to have red tails, and how females likely evolved in response to both traits. [Note: avoid writing a paragraph for each sentence prompt; this should still be short, concise answers and Please write four sentences guided by the individual prompts] Your answer: Sentence 1: State which males and which females had the highest fitness. Sentence 2: What feature…