Suppose we want to estimate the effects of alcohol consumption (alcohol) on college grade point aver- age (colGPA). In addition to collecting information on grade point averages and alcohol usage, we also obtain attendance information (say, percentage of lectures attended, called attend). A standardized test score (say, SAT) and high school GPA (hsGPA) are also available. (i) Should we include attend along with alcohol as explanatory variables in a multiple regression model? (Think about how you would interpret Balcohol-) |(ii) Should SAT and hsGPA be included as explanatory variables? Explain.
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- If one explanatory Variable is correlated with the error term, is there any problem of heterosdasticity in the model?Do less agreeable Facebook users tend to spend more time on Facebook? A study (Ivcevic and Ambady, 2013) aimed to investigate various facets of use of the social networking website Facebook. Previous research suggested that individuals with poorer face-to-face social skills may find internet-based social platforms less daunting, so as part of the study Ivcevic and Ambady investigated whether an individual's volume of Facebook use was associated with levels of "agreeableness". The subjects were 99 university students who all had a Facebook page. The subjects agreed to allowing the content of their Facebook pages to be downloaded on six separate occasions over a three-week period. As part of the data gathered on each subject, each of the 99 were individually rated by a selected friend on an "agreeableness" scale (based on average ratings on a questionnaire where all responses were on a Likert scale), with 1 being "low" and 5 "high". We consider here the relationship between "friend…Do less agreeable Facebook users tend to spend more time on Facebook? A study (Ivcevic and Ambady, 2013) aimed to investigate various facets of use of the social networking website Facebook. Previous research suggested that individuals with poorer face-to-face social skills may find internet-based social platforms less daunting, so as part of the study Ivcevic and Ambady investigated whether an individual's volume of Facebook use was associated with levels of "agreeableness". The subjects were 99 university students who all had a Facebook page. The subjects agreed to allowing the content of their Facebook pages to be downloaded on six separate occasions over a three-week period. As part of the data gathered on each subject, each of the 99 were individually rated by a selected friend on an "agreeableness" scale (based on average ratings on a questionnaire where all responses were on a Likert scale), with 1 being "low" and 5 "high". We consider here the relationship between "friend…
- Elissa Epel, a professor of health psychology at the University of California–San Francisco, studied women in high- and low-stress situations. She found that women with higher cortisol responses to stress ate significantly more sweet food and consumed more calories on the stress day compared with those with low cortisol responses, and compared with themselves on lower stress days. Increases in negative mood in response to the stressors were also significantly related to greater food consumption. These results suggest that psychophysiological responses to stress may influence subsequent eating behavior. Over time, these alterations could impact both weight and health. You are interested in studying whether students living in the dorms or students living off campus have higher cortisol levels. You ask a sample of n₁ = 25 students living in the dorms and n₂ = 30 students living off campus to record their afternoon cortisol levels for a week. The average cortisol level for students living…Do test scores at pre-treatment differ from test scores at post-treatment? Note, this analysis should be conducted ignoring the treatment group they are in. Do male and female subjects differ on their pre-test score performance? Knowing the number of hours the student studied for the exam, can you predict their post-test scores? Is there a significant relationship between subject’s IQ and pre-test scores? Do the three treatments differ significantly from one another at pre-test? Do student IQ scores differ significantly from the population (μ = 100 & σ = 15)? Create your own research question based on the data. (All analyses are to be tested at α =.05, two tailed)What quantitative research design should be used in "Relationship between Academic Stressors and Learning Preferences ofSenior High School Students" and why?
- What are the requirements for an experiment to be able to show that changes in one variable cause changes in another?A researcher is interested in the reaction time of students and how it impacts their performance. To test this relationship, he asks 50 students to complete an online test and records their reaction times and scores. However, he notes that their responses are sensitive to their internet speed, meaning students with quick reaction times but slow internet speed may not perform up to expectations on the test, leading to unnecessary noise. In an independent groups design, what would this type of variability in test performance be called? SSSubjects SSError SSTreatment SSTotalWhat do we assume our Level of Significance to be unless otherwise specified?
- NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…