The comparison of the active site geometries of chymotrypsin and subtilisin under the assumption that their similarities have catalytic signifi cance has led to greater mechanistic understanding of both these enzymes. Discuss the validity of this strategy.

Q: The mechanism involved in the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglyceromutase is known to involve a…

A: Glycolysis is breakdown of glucose to provide energy. Phosphoglyceromutase catalyze the conversion…

Q: There is a cysteine protease, which uses a similar chemical mechanism to chymotrypsin except for…

A: Cysteine proteases are proteases that degrade protein and are also called thiol proteases. They use…

Q: The enzyme β-methylaspartase catalyzes the deamination of β-methylaspartate. For this aspartate…

A: Enzyme kinetics is used to study the rates of enzyme catalyzed biochemical reactions. In the given…

Q: Enzymes act by reducing the activation energy of areaction. Describe several ways in which this…

A: Enzymes are biomolecules which catalyzes the reactions so that reactions take less time to complete…

Q: The interconversion of DHAP and GAP greatly favors the formation of DHAP at equilibrium. Yet the…

A: GAPDH has a high affinity for DHAP, thus pushes TIM reaction towards GAP formation.

Q: Briefly describe why the Michaelis-Menten equilibrium-assumption cannotbe applicable to all…

A: The Michaelis-Menton equation is the equation for one substrate enzyme catalyzed reaction. This…

Q: What method and conditions (provide detail) do you propose to measure the Specific Activity of the…

A: Specific activity is the degree of purity of the enzyme, which measures the enzyme activity and the…

Q: Because it resembles the two physiological substrates, phosphonacetyl L - aspartate (PALA) is a…

A: At low concentrations of PALA,they bind to ACTase & stabilise them in their active R state…

Q: Please ensure no plagiarism and TYPE out the answer. (Write a long detailed answer) Why does the…

A: Enzymes are proteins composed of amino acid units. Specific amino acid sequence helps in the…

Q: The citric acid cycle itself, which is composed of enzymatically catalyzed steps, can be thought of…

A: Citric acid cycle is also known as Krebs cycle or TCA cycle. This cycle occurs in the matrix of…

Q: The metabolism of alcohol pathway is showed in the figure characterized by biotransformation of:…

A: Metabolism-  The primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is ADH( Alcohol dehydrogenase)…

Q: Sheryl had an elevated level of the CK-MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase.What are the different…

A: An increased level of CK-MB indicates myocarditis. Different isoenzymes of creatinine kinase (CK)…

Q: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is the active compound of aspirin. It binds the active site of COX-1…

A: Aspirin It is known for its properties like analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and…

Q: Mercuric ion and methanol are inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. Explain.

A: Alcohol (ADH) dehydrogenase is an enzyme that helps in the interconversion of alcohol into ketones…

Q: Isoleucine is degraded to acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA. Suggest a plausible reaction sequence, based…

A: The degradation of branch chain amino acids is catalyzed by an aminotransferase which was present in…

Q: Illustrate the biochemical pathways for one complete cycle of b-oxidation of fatty acyl CoA (giving…

A: Beta oxidation is a biochemical process in eokaryotes by which fatty acids broken down in cytosol.…

Q: Briefly describe the role of nucleophilic catalysis in the mechanism of the chymotrypsin reaction.

A: Chymotrypsin is the enzyme synthesized in the pancreas in the form of the inactive state known as…

Q: The text describes a form of gout that results from HGPRT deficiency. Propose one or two additional…

A: In the case of humans, uric acid formation occurs due to the breakdown of purines. Our kidneys are…

Q: The inhibitory effect of an uncompetitive inhibitor is greater at high [S] thanat low [S]. Explain…

A: Uncompetitive inhibitor involves the binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme-substrate complex. An…

Q: Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme found in animals.  Residues Asp 101 and Arg 114  are required…

A: Introduction- Lysozyme helps in catalyzation of binding energy where it catalysis the peptidoglycan…

Q: The uncatalyzed reaction rate for the conversion of substrate X to product Y is one year. The…

A: Enzymes are specialized types of proteins that are responsible for catalyzing all biochemical…

Q: Some archaebacteria produce an enzyme with two active sites: one catalyzes the dephosphorylation of…

A: Archaebacteria contains an enzyme Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase which is a bifunctional enzyme…

Q: Diagram the hydrogen-bonding interactions of the catalytic triad His–Lys–Ser during catalysis in a…

A: Histidine is an alpha-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an…

Q: Enzymes occasionally display weak "side" activities. Draw the structure of the product (other than…

A: Pyruvate is formed in the last step of glycolysis with release of one ATP per molecule, catalyzed by…

Q: Assume that you used malate dehydrogenase as the starting material for engineering this enzyme.…

A: It is given that Malate dehydrogenase catalyse the following reaction; Malate + FAD → Oxaloacetate +…

Q: Select the following enzymes that utlize a mechanism involving covalent catalysis. Select ALL that…

A: Covalent catalysis: The process of covalent catalysis involves the formation of covalent bonds…

Q: The hexokinases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of hexoses…

A: Enzymes are the vital biological proteins molecules that speed up the rate of reaction taking place…

Q: enzyme-inhibitor complex requires 450 kJ.mol-1 to dissociate and that it displays kinetics somehow…

A: Enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of any chemical reaction without being used…

Q: Increased mechanistic knowledge of both chymotrypsin and subtilisin enzymes has emerged from…

A: * Subtilisins are Enzymes used in dish wash detergents and in  powder and liquid household laundry…

Q: Regulatory enzymes are crucial for the proper functioning and coordination of glycolysis and…

A: Introduction: Enzymes are the biological catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction…

Q: Thiolase is homologous in structure to the condensing enzyme. On the basis of this observation,…

A: Thiolases are enzymes that are involved in the mevalonate pathway. They convert two units of…

Q: A histidine residue in the active site of aspartate transcarbamoylase is thought to be important in…

A: Histidine is an alpha-amino acid that is sometimes known as a semi-essential amino acid. It is…

Q: In this problem, we are asked to complete the following: a) Discover sources other than mushroom…

A: As stated, to get the answers to such questions, one must perform database or internet searches to…

Q: Glyphosate, which inhibits the EPSP synthase reaction of the shikimic acid pathway, is a phosphonic…

A: The biochemical reaction to combine PEP and 3-phosphoshikimate (S3P) to give phosphate and…

Q: The inhibitory effect of an uncompetitive inhibitor is greater at high [S] than at low [S]. Explain…

A: Uncompetitive inhibition of the process in which the inhibitor gets binded to the ES complex. ES…

Q: ATP is a (+) allosteric effector, and CTP is a (-) allosteric effector of theenzyme ATCase. Both of…

A: ATcase catalyzes the first step of the reaction that produces CTP. There are 12 subunits in ATcase.…

Q: The products of pyrimidine base catabolism, β-alanine and β-aminoisobutyrate, can be further…

A: Pyrimidine bases are cytosine and thymine in DNA and cytosine and uracil in RNA. Catabolism of…

Q: The oxyanion hole is comprised of hydrogen bonding atoms that project into a space on the active…

A: Oxyanion hole is generally found in proteases and are located in catalytic site of enzymes.…

Q: Malonate competes with succinate in the succinate dehydrogenase reaction. Explain why increasing the…

A: Enzymatic inhibitors decrease enzyme activity. Where the enzyme inhibition is of 3 types…

Q: Enolase has a strict requirement for two Mg* ions in its active site. Propose a role for these ions…

A: Enolase is a catalytic protein that is a metalloenzyme and helps in the conversion of 2 phospho (PG)…

Q: Enolase has a strict requirement for two Mg2+ ions in its active site. Propose a role for these ions…

A: Enolase enzyme is also known as phosphopyruvate hydrotase. This enzyme plays an important role in…

Q: Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is a potent stimulator of phosphofructokinase. Explain how fructose…

A: Glycolysis is a process in which glucose is metabolized into the pyruvate with the production of…

Q: There are 3 isozymes of aspartokinase, the first enzyme in the catabolism of aspartic acid, each…

A: Introduction Aspartate kinase or Aspartokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation…

Q: In some brain cancer cells, a mutated form of isocitrate dehydrogenase, instead of catalyzing the…

A: The brain is part of the central nervous system. It is located inside the skull. The brain has three…

Q: Following this experiment, you would like to elucidate the mechanism of action of pyruvate kinase.…

A: For bioinformatics approach there are 3 approaches- Sanger sequencing:-  it is chosen by Researchers…

Q: Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) is a reagent that reacts with Asp or Glu residues. Explain why the…

A: ATPase is the enzyme complex, which is known to synthesize ATP by transferring protons and…

Q: Consider two enzymes A and B, which are not related. However, the two enzymes coincidentally share…

A: Consider two enzymes A and B, which are not related. However, the two enzymes coincidentally share…

Q: Lysozyme residues Asp 101 and Arg 114 are required for effi cient catalysis, although they are…

A: Catalytic activity : It increases in the rate of a specific chemical reaction caused by an enzyme or…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.