The data below were collected in a clinical trial to compare a new drug to a placebo for its effectiveness in lowering total serum cholesterol. Generate a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean total cholesterol levels between treatments. Generate a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all patients with total cholesterol < 200. New Drug Placebo Total Sample (n=75) (n=75) (n=150) Mean (SD) Total Serum Cholesterol 185.0 (24.5) 204.3 (21.8) 194.7 (23.2) % Patients with Total Cholesterol < 200 78.00% 65.00% 71.50% a. 95% CI ( , )
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
The data below were collected in a clinical trial to compare a new drug to a placebo for its effectiveness in lowering total serum cholesterol.
- Generate a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean total cholesterol levels between treatments.
- Generate a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all patients with total cholesterol < 200.
| New Drug | Placebo | Total Sample | ||
| (n=75) | (n=75) | (n=150) | ||
| Mean (SD) Total Serum Cholesterol | 185.0 (24.5) | 204.3 (21.8) | 194.7 (23.2) | |
| % Patients with Total Cholesterol < 200 | 78.00% | 65.00% | 71.50% | |
| a. | 95% CI ( , ) |
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