The features of polar bonds can be illustrated by consideringHF. The general form of the molecular orbital is y = GHY +GỰF, where y, is an H1s orbital and ựe is an F2p, orbital (withz along the internuclear axis, the convention for linear mol-ecules). The relevant data areleVEgglevH13.60.75F17.43.40Calculate the energies and coefficients of the bonding andantibonding orbitals made from this combination of atomicorbitals in HF.

SOLUTION: Step 1: From the given data, the energies of the atomic orbitals of HF are calculated as…

Answered: The features of polar bonds can be…

Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9780618974122

Author:Andrei Straumanis

Publisher:Andrei Straumanis

Chapter17: Conjugation And Molecular Orbital (mo) Theory

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8CTQ

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• describe chemical bonding using a model based on the overlap of atomic orbitals and recognize sonic of the limitations of this simple model.
Show, if overlap is ignored, (a) that any molecular orbital expressed as a linear combination of two atomic orbitals may be written in the form ψ = ψA cos θ + ψB sin θ. where θ is a parameter that varies between 0 and π/2, and (b) that if ψA and ψB are orthogonal and normalized to 1, then ψ is also normalized to 1. (c) To what values of θ do the bonding and antibonding orbitals in a homonuclear diatomic molecule correspond?
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In which MO is the overlap of atomic orbitals greater, a s2por a p2p?
Consider the following XF4 ions: PF4-, BrF4-, ClF4+, and AlF4-.(a) Which of the ions have more than an octet of electronsaround the central atom? (b) For which of the ions will theelectron-domain and molecular geometries be the same?(c) Whi ch of the ions wi l l have an oc t ahedralelectron-domain geometry? (d) Which of the ions willexhibit a see-saw molecular geometry?
The diatomic molecule OH exists in the gas phase. OH playsan important part in combustion reactions and is a reactiveoxidizing agent in polluted air. The bond length and bondenergy have been measured to be 97.06 pm and 424.7 kJ/mol,respectively. Assume that the OH molecule is analogous to theHF molecule discussed in the chapter and that the MOs resultfrom the overlap of a pz orbital from oxygen and the 1s orbitalof hydrogen (the OOH bond lies along the z axis).
Azo dyes are organic dyes that are used for many applications,such as the coloring of fabrics. Many azo dyes arederivatives of the organic substance azobenzene, C12H10N2.A closely related substance is hydrazobenzene, C12H12N2.The Lewis structures of these two substances are given (Recall the shorthand notation used for benzene.)(a) What is the hybridization at the N atom in each of thesubstances? (b) How many unhybridized atomic orbitalsare there on the N and the C atoms in each of the substances?(c) Predict the N—N—C angles in each of thesubstances. (d) Azobenzene is said to have greater delocalizationof its π electrons than hydrazobenzene. Discussthis statement in light of your answers to (a) and (b). (e) Allthe atoms of azobenzene lie in one plane, whereas thoseof hydrazobenzene do not. Is this observation consistentwith the statement in part (d)? (f) Azobenzene is an intensered-orange color, whereas hydrazobenzene is nearly colorless.Which molecule would be a better one to use in…
Azo dyes are organic dyes that are used for many applications,such as the coloring of fabrics. Many azo dyes arederivatives of the organic substance azobenzene, C12H10N2.A closely related substance is hydrazobenzene, C12H12N2.The Lewis structures of these two substances are(Recall the shorthand notation used for benzene.)(a) What is the hybridization at the N atom in each of thesubstances? (b) How many unhybridized atomic orbitalsare there on the N and the C atoms in each of the substances?(c) Predict the N¬N¬C angles in each of thesubstances. (d) Azobenzene is said to have greater delocalizationof its p electrons than hydrazobenzene. Discussthis statement in light of your answers to (a) and (b). (e) Allthe atoms of azobenzene lie in one plane, whereas thoseof hydrazobenzene do not. Is this observation consistentwith the statement in part (d)? (f) Azobenzene is an intensered-orange color, whereas hydrazobenzene is nearly colorless.Which molecule would be a better one to use in asolar…
Is the Be2 dimer expected to be stable? Use molecular orbital theory to justify your argument.

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