The (Na+-K+)-ATPase
Q: sues, where _______ go, water will follo
A:
Q: Name and define two mechanisms of cellulardifferentiation.
A: The development starts after the sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilization results in the…
Q: When the protein spectrin (in human red blood cells) holds the erythrocyte membrane in place, by…
A: The red blood cell membrane is a lipid bilayer membrane that is bound to spectrin protiens which…
Q: If a patient is infused with isotonic saline solution, where will the fluid end up? Extracellular…
A: Saline solution can be prepared by mixing water and salt. An isotonic saline solution refers to…
Q: A fraternity hazing practice involves pressuring freshmen to drink large quantities of pure water in…
A: Osmosis is the net migration of solvent particles through a semi-permeable membrane into a section…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is CORRECT? - The increase in…
A: Inflammation induces the vasodilation response to increasing the blood flow to the tissue or areas…
Q: Acclimatizations are usually reversible. Explain with an example?
A: Living organisms survive in a range of environmental conditions by changing their certain…
Q: is a group of plasma proteins thatwhen activated stimulate inflammation,attract phagocytes, and…
A: In this question, we are providing the name of the group of proteins which in their activated state…
Q: Imagine being on the TV show Survivor of the Smartest and you are stuck on an island with only a few…
A: The nervous and hormonal systems are in charge of body control and coordination. The neurons are the…
Q: HPLC requires a pump to move the mobile phase through the stationary phase. What is the driving…
A: Chromatography is a physical separation process that divides components into two phases, one…
Q: n/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSTH21 Which of the following best describes the function of capillaries? O…
A: Capillaries are thin walled blood vessels that deliver O2 to body cells and picked up CO2…
Q: Define thymosin-β4,
A: A cell is the basic structural and functional key of life. A cell has multiple organelles that carry…
Q: Here is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC =…
A: The chloride cells are present in the gills of freshwater and seawater fishes. In the seawater fish,…
Q: By what mechanism does the active transport of Na1 lead to the osmotic flow of water across an…
A: The "plasma membrane" is the outer boundary of the cell. It is comprised of phospholipids and…
Q: Which of the following statements about "leak channels" in the plasma mem- brane is correct? A.…
A: Introduction - The sodium ions concentration inside the cell is low, while the sodium ions…
Q: Which of these statements about ion movement through the plasmamembrane is true?a. Movement of Na+…
A: The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. The plasma…
Q: What do you mean by chemotropism?
A: A stimulus is a detectable variation in the physical or chemical arrangement of the internal or…
Q: the Michaelis-Menten dynamics to explain what happens in plasma concentration of a solute reaches Tm…
A: With increase in solute concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction rises fast, the…
Q: What are the primary response regulator and the primary sensorkinase for regulating chemotaxis?
A: Chemotaxis refers to the movement of a motile organism in a particular direction in response to…
Q: 1. Basuc of sifnal trwnsduction pathway in alcohol 2. Specific of cellular response and organismal…
A: Ethanol is a psychoactive (affecting the neurological functions) substance with sedative-hypnotic…
Q: The contraction of cardiac muscle cells results from the increase in Ca?+ levels in the cytosol. For…
A: Digitalis is a drug obtained from the dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea and used in medicine to…
Q: What limits the activity of intracellular mediators, such ascGMP, and phosphorylated proteins?
A: cGMP is a signalling molecule that is involved in many bio cellular processes. It is involved in the…
Q: Which properties are characteristic of ion channels?a. They are usually lipids.b. They exist on one…
A: The cells are covered by a plasma membrane which forms a barrier between the cell interior and the…
Q: Define chemotactic factor
A: Chemotactic factors are substances that stimulate cellular locomotion/migration1. Some examples are-…
Q: Which of the following correctly represents the volume of the extracellular space O: and what type…
A: Extracellular space refers to the part of a multicellular organism outside the cells, The…
Q: 2% urea is therefore (select all that apply): hyperosmotic isotonic hypotonic hypertonic…
A: Isotonic: A solution with the same concentration as the surrounding is known as an isotonic…
Q: When testing tonicity of red blood cells, if the solution became transparent after adding blood…
A: Tonicity It is a measurement of effective osmotic pressure when the two solutions are separated by a…
Q: Please shortly explain what it means at the blood cell level to be a universal blood receptor?
A: Blood Blood is a type of connective tissue that connects all the together by means of blood…
Q: Usually , rates of diffusion vary inversely with molecular weights; so smaller molecules diffuse…
A: In cells, both cAMP and calcium ions function as secondary messengers. It means both of these…
Q: When a human white blood cell “consumes” a red blood cell (erythrocyte), this process is called:…
A: Endocytosis is a process of taking particles or substance into the cell by pinching the membranes of…
Q: If the C- concentration outside of cells is 10 mM and inside of cells is 10 mM, what would the…
A: The voltage differential across the cell membrane at rest (no signaling) is referred to as resting…
Q: The antibiotic valinomycin is an ionophore that forms a specific complex with potassium ion. Because…
A: Valinomycin is a powerful antibiotic as it facilitates the rapid movement of K+ ions across the cell…
Q: What is the name of the mechanism that ensures that there is a higher concen- tration of sodium ions…
A: The ions sodium, potassium, and chloride have the largest concentrations and so play the most…
Q: Here is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC =…
A: The gills of teleost fishes consists of cell which is called a chloride cell. The function of…
Q: Explain to me what factors influence permeability versus solubility?
A: To understand the factors effecting the solubility and permeability it is essential to understand…
Q: Are osmotic tension, pressure, resistance and fragility the same?
A: The pressure that has to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given…
Q: a. The concentration of sodium ions is inside the cell . b. The concentration of…
A: The concentration of sodium and chloride ions are lower inside the cell than that of outside and the…
Q: How does the size of a solute affect the rate of diffusion? Consider the size and shape of a…
A: Diffusion is a passive process in which the molecules of a solute move from higher concentration…
Q: The gap junction channel formed by connexin 43 in cardiac muscle has which of the following…
A: The cardiac muscle's rapid, involuntary contraction and relaxation are essential for pumping blood…
Q: In terms of their effect on the rate of diffusion, which of the following is the odd one out? a)…
A: Diffusion in biological sciences can be defined as the movement of molecules according to the…
Q: Let’s say that the intracellular tonicity is 300 mosm. Checkmark the correct response to what would…
A: The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis is…
Q: How can we find the resistance of a cell-membrane?
A: Introduction: Cells are the underlying, practical, and organic units of every single living being. A…
Q: 1. Frog skin is an excellent system for studying sodium transport across an epithelium. Frog skins…
A: Frog skin is moist and is covered by mucus glands. In addition to its lungs frog also respires…
Q: The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called
A: The process of discharging the particles from inside to outside of a cell is called as exocytosis
The (Na+-K+)-ATPase
A) is a voltage gated channel
B) an antiporter
C) maintains the intracellular [Na+] higher than the extracellular [Na+]
D) consumes ADP
E) binds Na+ and K+ simultaneously
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Which explanation best describes why plasma proteinscan function as buffers?a. Plasma proteins combine with bicarbonate tomake a stronger buffer b. Plasma proteins are immune to damage fromacids.c. Proteins have both positive and negative chargeson their surface.d. Proteins are alkaline.ADH has receptors on which target tissues? Pumping cells? The nephron of the kidney? Vascular circular smooth muscles? Autorhythmic cells? The afferent arteriole of the kidney ? Which of the following is most directly responsible for the increasein capillary permeability during the infl ammatory reaction?a. pain c. histamineb. white blood cells d. tissue damage
- State the action(s) of each of the following signal molecules:a. vasopressinb. PYYc. leptind. ghreline. adiponectinWhy would it be dangerous to administer intravenous fluids that do not have an osmotic pressure comparable to that of bodily fluids?At point A, note that mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) is slightly lowered despite the large fall in cardiac output (CO). a. Why is CO decreased in response to hemorrhage? b. How is blood pressure maintained so well despite the fall in CO? c. What are the afferent receptors (sensors) responsible for this relatively well-maintained blood pressure at point A? d. What changes in stimuli for these receptors may be contributing to the response at point A? e. What efferent mechanisms mediate the increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR)?
- The antibiotic valinomycin is an ionophore that forms a specific complex with potassium ion. Because the complex is lipophilic and can diffuse into the membrane, valinomycin brings about the transport of K+ through the inner membrane. Valinomycin acts by decreasing the ∆ψ (membrane potential) component of the pmf, without a direct effect on the pH gradient. Another antibiotic, nigericin, acts as a K+ >H+ antiporter; itcarries H+ in one direction, coupled with the reverse transport of K+. Thus,nigericin dissipates the pH component of the pmf, with little effect on ∆c.Which antibiotic, nigericin or valinomycin, do you predict would have thegreater effect on oxidative phosphorylation when administered to respiring mitochondria? Assume the antibiotics are added to a suspension of mitochondria in equimolar amounts. Briefly explain your reasoning.Extracellular fluids have relatively? A. high sodium and low potassium levels. B .high sodium and high potassium levels. C. higher concentrations of potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and D. sulfate ions. E. low sodium and low potassium levels. F. low sodium and high potassium levels.What would the tonicity of a 9% saline solution be called compared to .9% saline solution and what would it due to the red blood cells.
- Describe the most significant adverse effects of direct acting vasodilators. Compare their effects to phosphodiesterase inhibitors.if a person is transfused with a hypotonic solution, he/she will die. why?Along a capillary, _____ dominates at the arterial end and fluid moves _____; _____ dominates at the venous end and fluid moves _____. (a) osmosis, in; filtration, out (b) filtration, out; osmosis, in (c) filtration, in; osmosis, out (d) osmosis, out; filtration, in