the number of air density in a childs balloon is roughly the same as sea level air, 10^19 particles/ cm ^3. if the balloon is now 18 cm in diameter, to what diameter in km would it need to expand to make the gas have the same density as ISM, about 1 particle/cm^3

The Stefan-Boltzmann Law says that the light radiated from a perfect radiator ("blackbody") is proportional to the temperature raised to the fourth power:   where σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constrant (σ = 5.67 x 10-8 in MKS units) In equilibrium, F coming in equals F going out. At Mars' distance from the Sun, F coming in is 153 in MKS units. What is the blackbody temperature for Mars at a distance of 1.524 AU from the Sun?

6. A water droplet falling in the atmosphere is spherical. Assume that as the droplet passes through a cloud, it acquires mass at a rate proportional to kA where k is a constant (k>0) and A is its cross-sectional area. Consider a droplet of initial radius ro that enters a cloud with a velocity vo. Assume no resistive force and show (a) that the radius increases linearly with the time, and (b) that if ro is negligibly small then the speed increases linearly with the time within the cloud.

Please answer all parts: Problem 3:   There are lots of examples of ideal gases in the universe, and they exist in many different conditions. In this problem we will examine what the temperature of these various phenomena are. Part (a)  Give an expression for the temperature of an ideal gas in terms of pressure P, particle density per unit volume ρ, and fundamental constants.  T = ______ Part (b)  Near the surface of Venus, its atmosphere has a pressure fv= 91 times the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, and a particle density of around ρv = 0.91 × 1027 m-3. What is the temperature of Venus' atmosphere (in C) near the surface?   Part (c)  The Orion nebula is one of the brightest diffuse nebulae in the sky (look for it in the winter, just below the three bright stars in Orion's belt). It is a very complicated mess of gas, dust, young star systems, and brown dwarfs, but let's estimate its temperature if we assume it is a uniform ideal gas. Assume it is a sphere of radius r = 5.7 × 1015 m…

1. An expensive vacuum system can achieve a pressure as low as 1 x 10-7N/m² at 20 °C. How many atoms are there in a cubic centimeter at this pressure and temperature? The Boltzman's constant k= 1.38 x 10 m²kg/(s²K) -23 Number of atoms:

Consider air at P = 1.00 atm. The average molecular mass of air is approximately 29 u. Boltzmann constant is 1.380 × 10−23 J/K. A) What is the mass density of air at T = −16.0°C? in kg/m^3 B) What is the mass density of air at T = 26.0°C? in kg/m^3

Long-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the crew. In one method of reclamation, 1.00 mol of carbon dioxide produces 1.00 mol of oxygen, with 1.00 mol of methane as a by-product. The methane is stored in a tank under pressure and is available to control the attitude of the spacecraft by controlled venting. A single astronaut exhales 1,08 kg of carbon dioxide each day. If the methane generated in the recycling of three astronauts' respiration during one week of flight is stored in an originally empty 165-L tank at -45.0°C, what is the final pressure in the tank? MPa Need Help? Read

your team is developing insulation for the interior of a spaceship for a trip to Mars. Should you focus on materials with high or low values of Cp? Why?

The density of mercury is 13 600 kg/m3 at 0 oC. What would be its density at 151 oC?

Gauge pressure is the pressure read by a pressure gauge. The gauge pressure will be zero if the pressure is the same as the general atmospheric pressure, because the gauge measures only the excess above atmospheric pressure. The actual pressure will thus be atmospheric pressure plus gauge pressure. Atmospheric pressure is about 14 pounds per square inch. The Rankine temperature scale is the Fahrenheit verson of the absolute temperature, and absolute zero in Rankine is about -460 F. Now, imagine a football has been stored in a warm locker room at a temperature of 71 F, and has a gauge pressure of 12.5 pounds per square inch. Next, it is taken outside and cooled to 40 F. What will the gauge pressure be after this is done?