The open-loop gain A of real (nonideal) op-amps isvery large at low frequencies but decreases markedlyas frequency increases. As a result, the closed-loopgain of op-amp circuits can be strongly dependent on frequency. Determine the relationship between a finiteand frequency-dependent open-loop gain AV(OL)(ω)and the closed-loop gain AV(CL)(ω) of an invertingamplifier as a function of frequency. Plot AV(CL)versus ω. Notice that −RF/RS is the low-frequencyclosed-loop gain.

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The open-loop gain A of real (nonideal) op-amps is
very large at low frequencies but decreases markedly
as frequency increases. As a result, the closed-loop
gain of op-amp circuits can be strongly dependent on frequency. Determine the relationship between a finite
and frequency-dependent open-loop gain AV(OL)(ω)
and the closed-loop gain AV(CL)(ω) of an inverting
amplifier as a function of frequency. Plot AV(CL)
versus ω. Notice that −RF/RS is the low-frequency
closed-loop gain.

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