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The soil bacterium Azotobacter can be enriched from soil using liquid media, which must contain the following
- Mannitol
- Nitrate (NO3-)
- Amino Acids
- Ammonia (NH4+)
- All the above
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- Provide the conditions (e.g., intrinsic properties, storage conditions, etc.) that will make the recovery of the following microorganisms in commercially sterile foods acceptable: a) Obligate thermophilic sporeforming bacteria b) Acid-tolerant microorganisms c) Mesophilic or thermophilic sporeformershow do microorganisms such as bacteria eliminate harmful reactive oxygen species? Nitrate reduction to nitrite is indicated by the formation of a pink to red colour after addition of nitrate test reagent. However, if a culture does not produce a colour change several posibilies exist. Explain.An acidophile would grow best at a pH of: A.6 b.2 c.12 d.7 e 9
- You have a stock antibiotic solution with a concentration of 15 mg/ml. You need to make 100 ml of nutrient broth with an antibiotic concentration of 0.4 mg/ml. How much stock antibiotic solution would you add to how much nutrient broth to achieve this concentration?A. Antibiotics, such as gentamicin, are used in media to prevent growth of susceptible microbes. Is gentamicin media a selective, differential or enrichment media? B. Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that all Escherichia bacteria can normally ferment into an acidic waste compound. This acidic end product is detected by including a pH indicator in the agar and noticing a color change. The strain of Escherichia that is a common food pathogen, E. coli O157:H7, however can not ferment sorbitol. It will grow similar to other E. coli, but not change the agar color. Is sorbitol in nutrient agar a selective, differential or enrichment media?Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that causes stomach ulcers, can grow in medium with a pH above 5. It can survive but not grow in pH 2 medium as long as the medium contains Urea. You inoculate a pH 2 broth with 1,000,000 H. pylori and for 8 hours the organism did not grow. The next morning however, the medium has become quite turbid, suggesting that the organism has grown. Explain how this could happen. What phylum and class does this organism belong?
- Pretend the results below were obtained for water from your well. The 10 mL tubes are Full Strength, or 9.9 mL of the sample plus 0.1 mL of 10x broth (here a fluorescent Brilliant Green Broth). The 1 mL tubes are 1 mL sample plus 9 mL of normal broth (so a ten-fold dilution). The 0.1 mL are that much sample with 9.9 mL of the broth (so a hundred-fold dilution). Dark green indicates coliform presence. Use the table and the figure and give me the MPN. To do so, count the number of positive tubes at each dilution. Then match the counts to the set of values that most closely fits. Yes, you need to consider the set of values for None, 1 and 0.1 taken together. For example, 5,2,1. What is the MPN estimate for this well water sample? If safe drinking water is <5 cells/100 mL would you drink this well water?In a nutrient broth, where do microorganisms acquire their requirements for mineral elements like Ca, Fe, etc. from? Can gelatin be used in culture media preparation? How is it different from agar? During sterilization, pH of culture media may change. How can this be fixed? How does pH affect the shelf life of unsterilized media?The nutrient broth is a basic media used for growing a broad variety of microorganisms in the laboratory. The nutrient broth consists mainly of 1.5g * L ^ - 1 extract, 3g * L ^ - 1 yeast extract and 5g * L ^ - 1 sodium chloride dissolved in distilled water. The nutrient agar is prepared by adding the agar at the desired amount into nutrient broth. Answer the following questions. marks) a) How would you prepare a 500 ml nutrient broth? b) How would you prepare 2% (w / v) nutrient agar for 1L? c) How would you prepare a 100 ml nutrient broth supplemented with 100mu * g / m * l ampicillin antibiotic? The stock concentration for ampicillin solution is 100mg / m * l .
- For the following problem indicate the values for each part of the equation and solve for the unknownvalue:Peter adds 200 μL of bacteria to a tube containing 2 mLs of nutrient broth and then adds 300 μL of acertain disinfectant. The final concentration of the disinfectant in this tube after adding it is 5%.C1=C2=V1=V2=Mannitol Salt Agar: Is the organism Osmotolerant or non-osmotolerant ______________________________ Mannitol fermenter or non-fermenter: ___________________________ Genus of organism determined from MSA plate: ________________________________A 3.0 L batch bioreactor is used to grow E. coli bacteria, which have an initial concentration of 12.5 g cells/L. The growth medium contains two carbon sources, which causes diauxic growth, with each carbon source limiting cell growth. Sufficient supplies of oxygen, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a nitrogen source and all other macro and micronutrients are available. The bacteria prefer to grow on glucose (C6H12O6, supplied at 80 g/L), so it is consumed first, followed by glycerol (C3H8O3, supplied at 68 g/L). Since the E. coli were already growing on glucose, the lag time associated with glucose consumption is only 10 minutes. The lag time associated with glycerol consumption is 35 minutes. Further information: The chemical formula for E. coli in this bioreactor is CH1.666N0.20O0.57. The specific growth rate on glucose is 0.41 h-1 , and on glycerol is 0.32 h-1 . The yield of cells on glucose is 0.48 g cells/g glucose, and yield on glycerol is 0.39 g cells/g glycerol. You may assume that…