1 Temperature And Heat 2 The Kinetic Theory Of Gases 3 The First Law Of Thermodynamics 4 The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 5 Electric Charges And Fields 6 Gauss's Law 7 Electric Potential 8 Capacitance 9 Current And Resistance 10 Direct-current Circuits 11 Magnetic Forces And Fields 12 Sources Of Magnetic Fields 13 Electromagnetic Induction 14 Inductance 15 Alternating-current Circuits 16 Electromagnetic Waves Chapter2: The Kinetic Theory Of Gases
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 2.1CYU: Check Your Understanding The recommended daily amount of vitamin B3 or niacin, C6NH5 O2, for women... Problem 2.2CYU: Check Understanding The density of in a Classroom ( p=1.00 and T=20C ) is 1.28 kg/m3. At what... Problem 2.3CYU: Check Your Understanding Liquids and solids have densities on the order of 1000 greater than gases.... Problem 2.4CYU: Check Your Understanding If you consider a very small object, such as a grain of pollen, in a gas,... Problem 2.5CYU: Check Your Understanding Which has a longer mean free path, liquid water or water vapor in the air? Problem 2.6CYU: Check Your Understanding Suppose 2 moles of helium gas at 200 K are mixed with 2 moles gas at 400 K... Problem 1CQ: Two H2 molecules can react with one O2 molecule to produce two H2O molecules. How many moles of... Problem 2CQ: Under what circumstances would you expect a gas to behave significantly differently than predicted... Problem 3CQ: A constant-volume gas thermometer contains a fixed amount of gas. What property of the gas is... Problem 4CQ: Inflate a balloon at room temperature. Leave the inflated balloon in the refrigerator overnight.... Problem 5CQ: In the last chapter, free convection was explained as the result of buoyant forces on hot fluids.... Problem 6CQ: How is momentum related to the pressure exerted by a gas? Explain on the molecular level,... Problem 7CQ: If one kind of molecule has double the radius of another and eight times the mass, how do their mean... Problem 8CQ: What is the average velocity of the air molecules in the room where you are right now? Problem 9CQ: Why do the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are much more massive and... Problem 10CQ: Statistical mechanics says that in a gas maintained at a constant temperature through thermal... Problem 11CQ: Which is more dangerous, a closet where tanks of nitrogen are stored, or one where tanks of carbon... Problem 12CQ: Experimentally it appears that many polyatomic molecules' vibrational degrees of freedom can... Problem 13CQ: One might think that the internal energy of diatomic gases is given by Eint=5RT/2 . Do diatomic... Problem 14CQ: You mix 5 moles of H2 at 300 K with 5 moles of He at 360 K in a perfectly insulated calorimeter. Is... Problem 15CQ: One cylinder contains helium gas and another contains krypton gas at the same temperature. Mark each... Problem 16CQ: Repeat the previous question if one gas is still helium but the other is changed to fluorine, F2. Problem 17CQ: An ideal gas is at a temperature of 300 K. To double the average speed of its molecules, what does... Problem 18P: The gauge pressure in your car tires is 2.50105N/m2 at a temperature of 35.0 when you drive it onto... Problem 19P: Suppose a gas-filled incandescent light bulb is manufactured so that the gas inside the bulb is at... Problem 20P: People buying food in sealed bags at high elevations often notice that the bags are puffed up... Problem 21P: How many moles are there in (a) 0.0500 g of N2 gas (M = 28.0 g/mol)? (b) 10.0 g of CO2 gas (M = 44.0... Problem 22P: A cubic container of volume 2.00 L holds 0.500 mol of nitrogen gas at a temperature of 25.0 . What... Problem 23P: Calculate the number of moles in the 2.00-L volume of air in the lungs of the average person. Note... Problem 24P: An airplane passenger has 100 cm3 of air in his stomach just before the plane takes off from a... Problem 25P: A company advertises that it delivers helium at a gauge pressure of 1.72107 Pa in a cylinder of... Problem 26P: According to http:hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solar/venusenv.html, the atmosphere of Venus... Problem 27P: An expensive vacuum system can achieve a pressure as low as 1.00107 N/m2 at 20.0 . How many... Problem 28P: The number density N/V of gas molecules at a certain location in the space above our planet is about... Problem 29P: A bicycle tire contains 2.00 L of gas at an absolute pressure of 7.00105 N/m2 and a temperature of... Problem 30P: In a common demonstration, a bottle is heated and stoppered with a hard-boiled egg that's a little... Problem 31P: A high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0 L of toxic gas at a pressure of 14107 N/m2 and a... Problem 32P: Find the number of moles in 2.00 L of gas at 35.0 and under 7.41107 N/m2 of pressure. Problem 33P: Calculate the depth to which Avogadro's number of table tennis balls would cover Earth. Each ball... Problem 34P: (a) What is the gauge pressure in a 25.0 cc car tire containing 3.60 mol of gas in a 30.0-L volume?... Problem 35P: A person hits a tennis ball with a mass of 0.058 kg against a wall. The average component of the... Problem 36P: A person is in a closed room (a racquetball court) with v=453 m3 hitting a ball (m 42.0 g) around at... Problem 37P: Five bicyclists are riding at the following speeds: 5.4 m/s, 5.7 m/s, 5.8 m/s, 6.0 m/s, and 6.5 m/s.... Problem 38P: Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon gas. What is vrms for argon atoms near the... Problem 39P: Typical molecular speeds (vrms) are large, even at low temperatures. What is vrms for helium atoms... Problem 40P: What is the average kinetic energy in joules of hydrogen atoms on the 5500 surface of the Sun? (b)... Problem 41P: What is the ratio of the average translational kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule at a... Problem 42P: What is the total translational kinetic energy of the air molecules in a room of volume 23 m3 if the... Problem 43P: The product of the pressure and volume of a sample of hydrogen gas at 0.00 is 80.0 J. (a) How many... Problem 44P: What is the gauge pressure inside a tank of 4.86104 mol of compressed nitrogen with a volume of 6.56... Problem 45P: If the rms speed of oxygen molecules inside a refrigerator of volume 22.0 ft.3 is 465 m/s, what is... Problem 46P: The escape velocity of any object from Earth is 11.1 km/s. At what temperature would oxygen... Problem 47P: The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than that from the Earth, only 2.38 km/s. At what... Problem 48P: Nuclear fusion, the energy solute of Sun, hydrogen bombs, and fusion reactors, occurs much more... Problem 49P: Suppose that the typical speed (vrms) of carbon dioxide molecules (molar mass is 44.0 g/mol) in a... Problem 50P: (a) Hydrogen molecules (molar mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have vrms equal to 193 m/s. What is the... Problem 51P: There are two important isotopes of uranium, U235 and U238 ; these isotopes are nearly identical... Problem 52P: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is about 470 Pa when the total pressure in the... Problem 53P: Dry air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon by mole, with trace amounts... Problem 54P: (a) Using data from the previous problem, find the mass of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in 1 mol of... Problem 55P: (a) Given that air is 21% oxygen, find the minimum atmospheric pressure that gives a relatively safe... Problem 56P: (a) If the partial pressure of water vapor is 8.05 torr, what is the dew point? (760 torr = I atm... Problem 57P: To give a helium atom nonzero angular momentum requires about 21.2 eV of energy (that is, 21.2 eV is... Problem 58P: (a) How much heat must be added to raise the temperature of 1.5 mol of air 25.0 to 33.0 at... Problem 59P: A sealed, rigid container of 0.560 mol of an unknown ideal gas at a temperature of 30.0 is cooled... Problem 60P: A sample of neon gas (Ne, molar mass M=20.2 g/mol) at a temperature of 13.0 is put into a steel... Problem 61P: A steel container of mass 135 g contains 24.0 g of ammonia, NH3, which has a molar mass of 17.0... Problem 62P: A sealed room has a volume of 24 m3. It's filled with air, which may be assumed to be diatomic, at a... Problem 63P: Heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen, is sometimes given to hospital patients who have trouble... Problem 64P: Professional divas sometimes use heliox, consisting of 79% helium and 21% oxygen by mole. Suppose a... Problem 65P: In car racing, one advantage of mixing liquid nitrous oxide (N2O) with air is that the boiling of... Problem 66P: In a sample of hydrogen sulfide ( M=34.1 g/mol) at a temperature of 3.00102 K, estimate the ratio of... Problem 67P: Using the approximation v1v1+v f(v)dvf(v1)v for small v , estimate the fraction of nitrogen... Problem 68P: Using the method of the preceding problem, estimate the fraction of nitric oxide (NO) molecules at a... Problem 69P: By counting squares in the following figure, estimate the fraction of argon atoms at T = 300 K that... Problem 70P: Using a numerical integration method such as Simpson's rule, find the fraction of molecules in a... Problem 71P: Find (a) the most probable speed, (b) the average speed, and (c) the rms speed for nitrogen... Problem 72P: Repeat the preceding problem for nitrogen molecules at 295 K. Problem 73P: At what temperature is the average speed of carbon dioxide molecules ( M=44.0 g/mol) 510 m/s? Problem 74P: The most probable speed for molecules of a gas at 296 K is 263 m/s. What is the molar mass of the... Problem 75P: a) At what temperature do oxygen molecules have the same average speed as helium atoms ( M=4.00... Problem 76AP: In the deep space between galaxies, the density of molecules (which are mostly single atoms) can be... Problem 77AP: (a) Find the density in SI units of air at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 20 , assuming... Problem 78AP: The air inside a hot-air balloon has a temperature of 370 K and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, the same as... Problem 79AP: When an air bubble rises from the bottom to the top of a freshwater lake, its volume increases by... Problem 80AP: (a) Use the ideal gas equation to estimate the temperature at which 1.00 kg of steam (molar mass... Problem 81AP: One process for decaffeinating coffee uses carbon dioxide ( M=44.0 g/mol) at a molar density of... Problem 82AP: On a winter day when the air temperature is 0 , the relative humidity is 50%. Outside air comes... Problem 83AP: On a warm day when the air temperature is 30 , a metal can is slowly cooled by adding bits of ice to... Problem 84AP: (a) People often think of humid air as "heavy." Compare the densities of air with 0% relative... Problem 85AP: The mean flee path for helium at a certain temperature and pressure is 2.10107 m. The radius of a... Problem 86AP: The mean free path for methane at a temperature of 269 K and a pressure of 1.11105 Pa is 4.81108 m.... Problem 87AP: In the chapter on fluid mechanics, Bernoulli's equation for the flow of incompressible fluids was... Problem 88AP: Find the total number of collisions between molecules in 1.00 s in 1.00 L of nitrogen gas at... Problem 89AP: (a) Estimate the specific heat capacity of sodium from the Law of Dulong and Petit. The molar mass... Problem 90AP: A sealed, perfectly insulated container contains 0.630 mol of air at 20.0 and an iron stirring bar... Problem 91AP: Find the ratio f(vp)/f(vrms) for hydrogen gas ( M=2.02 g/mol) at a temperature of 77.0 K. Problem 92AP: Unreasonable results. (a) Find the temperature of 0.360 kg of water, modeled as an ideal gas, at a... Problem 93AP: Unreasonable results. (a) Find the sped of hydrogen sulfide, H2S, molecules at a temperature of 250... Problem 94CP: An airtight dispenser for drinking water is 25 cm × 10 cm in horizontal dimensions and 20 cm tall.... Problem 95CP: Eight bumper cars, each with a mass of 322 kg. are running in a room 21.0 m long and 130 m wide.... Problem 96CP: Verify that vp=2kBTm.` Problem 97CP: Verify the normalization equation 0f(v)dv=1 In doing the integral, first make substitution... Problem 98CP: Verify that v=8kBTm. Make the same scaling transformation as in the preceding problem.` Problem 99CP: Verify that vrms=v2=3kBTm.` Problem 2CQ: Under what circumstances would you expect a gas to behave significantly differently than predicted...
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Under what circumstances would you expect a gas to behave significantly differently than predicted by the ideal gas law ?
Definition Definition Law that is the combined form of Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law. This law is obeyed by all ideal gas. Boyle's Law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume. Charles's Law states that volume is in direct relation to temperature. Avogadro's Law shows that volume is in direct relation to the number of moles in the gas. The mathematical equation for the ideal gas law equation has been formulated by taking all the equations into account: PV=nRT Where P = pressure of the ideal gas V = volume of the ideal gas n = amount of ideal gas measured in moles R = universal gas constant and its value is 8.314 J.K-1mol-1 T = temperature
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