Urea is a common fertilizer with the formula CO(NH2)2 that is sometimes used as a chemical de-icer for icy road surfaces in the winter months. Adding a solute to a solvent causes the freezing point to be lowered and allows the solvent to remain liquid at lower temperatures.The value of Kf for water is 1.86°C/m, and its normal freezing point is 0.00°C. Urea is a nonvolatile nonelectrolyte solute.What molality of urea is required to lower the freezing point of ice water by 2.33°C?

Q: Determine the molal concentration of a sugar solution in water that has a freezing point of –2.1°C.…

A: Given information,    Freezing point = –2.1°C    Value of Kf = 1.86°C/m for water

Q: 1. A solution is made by mixing 300 g of sucrose in 900 ml of pure water to produce a solution with…

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Q: What is the heat of dissolution? Write the expression that gives the change of molar heat of…

A: Solution :     Heat gained or lost by the system is calculated by the amount of heat transfer during…

Q: Ethylene glycol [CH2(OH)CH2(OH)] is a common automobile antifreeze. Calculate the freezing point and…

A: Given: The mass of ethylene glycol in the solution = 223 g The mass of water = 1085 g Kb for water =…

Q: What is the boiling point of the automobile radiator fluid prepared by mixing 1.04 Lof ethylene…

A: We know that ∆Tb = Kb.m = Kb.(1000W2)/(M2W1) ..(1) Here, Kb = 0.520 °C/m, W2 = weight of solute =…

Q: In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 1.60 g of NH4NO3 is mixed with 75.0 g of water at an initial…

A: The amount of NH4NO3 added to 75.0 g of water is 1.60 g. The initial temperature and final…

Q: The enthalpy of solution for AgNO3 is +22.6 kJ/mol. What can you conclude about the relative…

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of heat and other forms of…

Q: The common laboratory solvent diethyl ether (ether) is often used to purify substances dissolved in…

A: Data given: The vapor pressure of diethyl ether, Po = 463.57 mm Hg Mass of the new compound, w =…

Q: What is meant by a “negative deviation from Raoult’s Law” for a mixture of two volatile compounds,…

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Q: Dissolving 3.0 g of CaCl2(s) in 150.0 g of water in a calorimeter at 22.4 °C causes the temperature…

A: Mass Of CaCl2 = 3 g Mass of water = 150 g Initial temperature = Ti = 22.4°C Final Temperature = Tf =…

Q: In an coffee cup calorimeter experiment, sodium hydroxide (7.17 g) was dissolved in water (86.6 g).…

A: Enthalpy of solution :-           It is the amount of heat released or absorbed in the system…

Q: How many liters of the antifreeze ethylene glycol [CH2(OH)CH2(OH)] would you add to a car radiator…

A: See the given answer

Q: The enthalpy of solution for ammonium perchlorate NH4 CIO, is +33.47 kJ/mol. How many grams of…

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Q: A 0.512 g sample of an unknown nondissociating solute was dissolved in 25.0 g of camphor (Kf =…

A: Molality of the solution is obtained from the equation for freezing point depression. Van’t Hoff…

Q: Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 0.600 kg of CHCl3 and 42.0 g of eucalyptol…

A: Freezing point: The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. The formula for calculating…

Q: In a mountainous location, the boiling point of pure water is found to be 96.6°C. How many grams of…

A: Boiling point of pure water is 96.6˚C. Van’t Hoff Factor, i = 2 Molal elevation constant, Kb =…

Q: Choose the solvent below that would show the greatest boiling point elevation when used to make a…

A: here given molarity of solution = 0.10 m using formula ∆Tb = Kb.m

Q: When 1.18 g of KClO3 was added to 149.35 g of water in a calorimeter, the  temperature dropped by…

A: Given:Mass of water = 149.35 g.Mass of KClO3 = 1.18 g.specific heat of the solution = specific heat…

Q: The enthalpy of solution for potassium perchlorate - KCIO4 is +51.04 kJ/mol. How many grams of…

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Q: How many liters of the antifreeze ethylene glycol [CH2(OH)CH2(OH)] would you add to a car radiator…

A: According to the equation for depression in freezing point  △Tf = Kf × wGMW×Wkg where w = Wt of…

Q: Calculate the boiling point of a mixture where 70.6 g of formic acid, H,CO,, is dissolved in 250 g…

A: Boiling point of solutions is greater than boiling point of solvent

Q: The initial freezing temperature of 0.13 kg of a pure solvent is 6°C. 15.0 grams of a solute with…

A: Given: Freezing point of pure solvent = 6 oC Mass of solute added = 15.0 g Molar mass of solute =…

Q: The dissolution of NH4 ClO4(s) in water is endothermic with Delta H solution =33.5 kf/mol. if you…

A: Concentration of solution = 1 m 1 Molal solution = 1 mole of solute in 1 kg of water Mass of 1 mole…

Q: A student using a calibrated solution calorimeter measured a temperature decrease of 1.10 K when…

A: Given: Temperature of the solution with calorimeter decreased = 1.10 K Mass of KNO3 added = 1.00 g.…

Q: Camphor is a white solid that melts at 179.50°C. It has been used to determine the molecular weights…

A: The addition of non volatile solute to the solvent resulting in the decrease in freezing point of…

Q: Which one statement in italics is NOT correct?  Other given information is correct.   a. The…

A: As there are more than three parts of this question, we have solved the first three parts for you,…

Q: The normal boiling point of chloroform CHCl3 is 61.700 °C and its Kbpvalue is 3.67 °C/m. In a…

A: The elevation in boiling point can be calculated as follows,

Q: 1. A student determines the molar mass of acetone, CH.COHS, by the method used in this experiment.…

A: Mass of acetone = 10.5 gMass of solution = 86.4 g

Q: Crude oil pumped out of the ground may be accompanied by formation water, a solution that contains…

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Q: The CO2 gas sealed inside a carbonated beverage bottle has a pressure of 1.9atm. At this pressure,…

A: According to the Henry's law solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of…

Q: Camphor, C10H16O, melts at 179.8˚C, it has particularly large freezing point depression constant, Kf…

A: Given:  Camphor,C10H16O melts at 179.8˚C freezing point depression constant, Kf = 40.˚C/molal…

Q: What is the freezing point of a Urea solution containing 30.0 g of urea and 70.0 g of water? Kf for…

A: ∆Tf=Kf×m Where, ∆Tf= Freezing point depression Kf= Cyroscopic constant m = Molality

Q: Given that the value of kf for water is 1.86°C/m, what is the freezing point of an aqueous solution…

A: given mass of NaCl = 427 g molar mass of NaCl = 58.5g mass of water = 1kg Kf of water = 1.86°C/m New…

Q: The vapor pressure of pure "Freon 11" and pure "Freon 12" at 25°C. Are 15 lb/in2 and 85 lb/in²…

A: Solution - According to the question - Given - then mol of freon-12 = 1 mol so that ratio is 0.6…

Q: Calculate the freezing point of a solution that contains 5 grams of sucrose in 1000.00 grams of…

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Q: 3) Camphor (CioHıs0) melts at 179.8 °C, and it has a particularly large freezing point depression…

A: At a specific temperature, when vapor pressure of any particular substance in its liquid and solid…

Q: Ammonium carbonate is a strong electrolyte and it disocciate into two NH4+ and one CO32- . If the…

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Q: The common laboratory solvent chloroform is often used to purify substances dissolved in it. The…

A: From given We know,the formula for  nonvolalatile and nonelectrolyte solute solution Psolution =…

Q: The normal temperature range of the liquid phase of pure water is 0°C to 100°C. Which of the…

A: Since depression in freezing point is given by  depression in freezing point = i X Kf X m  where i =…

Q: The common laboratory solvent chloroform is often used to purify substances dissolved in it. The…

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Q: Estimate the freezing point of an antifreeze mixture made up by combining one volume of ethylene…

A: One volume of the ethylene glycol  V1 = 1 L = 10-3 m3  Two volume of the water  V2 = 2 L = 2 x 10-3…

Q: At 25°C and 1 atm, 70.80 g of sucrose (C12H22O11, sugar, MM = 342.30 g/mol) is dissolved in 100.0 g…

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Q: What molality of nonvolatile solute is needed to lower the melting point of camphor by 1.050°C? (Kf…

A: Depression in freezing point: The depression in freezing point of a solution is directly…

Q: Given that the value of Kf for water is 1.86°C/m, what is the freezing point of an aqueous solution…

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Q: The vapor pressure of pure Freon 11 and pure Freon 12 at 25ᵒ C are 15 lb/in2 and 84 lb/in2…

A: let, mol of freon-11 as 0.6 mol then mol of freon-12 will be 1 mol so that ratio  could be 0.6. mole…

Q: You have a sucrose solution of 28°Brix or 28 grams of sugar per 100 grams solution in a ripe grape…

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Q: Aniline (C6H7N) is an organic solvent with a freezing point of -6.0 °C. What is the freezing point,…

A: According to Raoult's law, the depression in the freezing point of an ideal solution of a…

Q: The active ingredient in many commercial antifreezes is ethylene glycol (C2H6O2). If you wish to…

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Q: During the cooling of the aqueous KNO3 solution, you will be asked to record the temperature when…

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Solutions

Solutions can be considered as homogeneous mixtures which contain two or more than two chemical substances. The chemical substance which is the greater part is defined as solvent. And the chemical substance that is dissolved in a solvent is referred to as solute. Solution chemistry plays an important role in chemistry since it supports many commercial applications of solutions.