Using the concept of beta and standard deviation, explain why it is highly unlikely that any investor, pension fund, private equity firm, venture capitalist, or anyone on TV shows (Hint: American Greed, Shark Tank) could ever beat the market average. Be specific in your example
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- Which of the following is NOTa potential problem when estimating and using betas, i.e., which statement is FALSE? a. The fact that a security or project may not have a past history that can be used as the basis for calculating beta. b. Sometimes, during a period when the company is undergoing a change such as toward more leverage or riskier assets, the calculated beta will be drastically different from the "true" or "expected future" beta. c. The beta of an "average stock," or "the market," can change over time, sometimes drastically. d. Sometimes the past data used to calculate beta do not reflect the likely risk of the firm for the future because conditions have changed. e. The beta coefficient of a stock is normally found by regressing past returns on a stock against past market returns. This calculated historical beta may differ from the beta that exists in the future. Please Explain for full creditWhich one of the following would provide evidence against the semistrong form of the efficient market theory?a. About 50% of pension funds outperform the market in any year.b. All investors have learned to exploit management signals about the future performance of the firm.c. Trend analysis is worthless in determining stock prices.d. Low P/E stocks tend to have positive abnormal returns over the long run.If you believe the stock market may crash and would like to reduce your portfolio risk, what Beta should you aim for? Select one: a. Beta of 1-2 b. Low Beta shares c. Extremely high Beta shares d. Beta values do not matter
- Respond to each of the following comments.a. If stock prices follow a random walk, then capital markets are little different from a casino.b. A good part of a company’s future prospects are predictable. Given this fact, stock prices can’t possibly follow a random walk.c. If markets are efficient, you might as well select your portfolio by throwing darts at the stock listings in The Wall Street Journal.What is the beta for Ford Motors Corporation? Briefly interpret what the number means. What is the unit of it? Percentage? Dollar? For instance, if you find it to be 0.8, is it 0.8%, 80%, $0.8, or something else? What do we compare it to, to determine the riskiness of Ford Motors Company's stocks?Which of the following are consistent with the efficient market hypothesis? Check all that apply. Changes in stock prices can be accurately predicted by investors. At the market price, the number of people who believe the stock is overvalued exactly equals the number of people who think the stock is undervalued. A positive news release about a company will increase the value and stock price for that firm. Some investors cite the existence of anomalies—observations that do not fit the model—as evidence that stock markets are not efficient. Which of the following are such anomalies? Check all that apply. The best time to sell a stock is late on Wednesday or Friday, whereas the best time to buy a stock is late on Tuesday or Thursday. The movement of stock prices of companies over time is the same as the changes in their earnings. High returns to a stock in one period are associated with even higher returns in a later period. There is a…
- What should be the risk premium and return on a stock with a Beta of zero under the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)? What about the risk premium and return on a stock with a Beta of 1? In a world of certainty, investors will always invest in the asset with the highest return. In the real world, investors hold a diversified portfolio of securities. Why is this the case? Theoretically, returns on stocks or assets can be negatively correlated. In the real world, however, we usually encounter only positive correlations. Whymay this be the case?You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers Noon. One of its clients doesnt understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations dont always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the clients concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: Add a set of indifference curves to the graph created for part b. What do these curves represent? What is the optimal portfolio for this investor? Add a second set of indifference curves that leads to the selection of a different optimal portfolio. Why do the two investors choose different portfolios?You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers Noon. One of its clients doesnt understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations dont always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the clients concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: e. Add a set of indifference curves to the graph created for part b. What do these curves represent? What is the optimal portfolio for this investor? Add a second set of indifference curves that leads to the selection of a different optimal portfolio. Why do the two investors choose different portfolios?
- You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: Write out the equation for the Capital Market Line (CML), and draw it on the graph. Interpret the plotted CML. Now add a set of indifference curves and illustrate how an investor’s optimal portfolio is some combination of the risky portfolio and the risk-free asset. What is the composition of the risky portfolio?You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: What is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)? What are the assumptions that underlie the model? What is the Security Market Line (SML)?You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: Construct a plausible graph that shows risk (as measured by portfolio standard deviation) on the x-axis and expected rate of return on the y-axis. Now add an illustrative feasible (or attainable) set of portfolios and show what portion of the feasible set is efficient. What makes a particular portfolio efficient? Don’t worry about specific values when constructing the graph—merely illustrate how things look with “reasonable” data.
