Using your own words, What is meant by the “Counter Current System”?

Q: What is the process of counter current exchange mechanism as established by the vasa recta? Where in…

A: It is a series of blood vessels, i.e. tiny capillaries that surround Loop of Henle.  It forms a…

Q: Trace the biochemical electrical pathways that result in cardiac conduction

A: The collection of specialized cardiac myocytes located in the heart walls that send electrical…

Q: If an accident victim loses 1 L of blood, why would an intravenous infusion of a liter of plasma be…

A: Intravenous therapy is a medical procedure that explicitly releases a liquid into the vein of a…

Q: A gardener experiences non-stop bleeding after hurting his foot while gardening. What will happen if…

A: When there is injury in the body, several clotting factors and cells migrate towards the site of…

Q: What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation? O cardiac output and…

A: Pressure gradient By creating a pressure gradient, the heart drives the blood through the vessels.…

Q: What do you mean by fibrinogen and prothrombin?

A: Coagulation, the process of clot formation, involves platelet and blood clotting factors. In humans,…

Q: In testing the effects of different ions on heart action, why were chlorides used in each case?

A: Introduction  Chloride is the most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid. Along with Chloride…

Q: A cardiologist observed an cntargc4 QRS wave in the ECU of a patient. What does it indicate?

A: ECG or electrocardiogram is a diagram or graph of the electrical activity of heart that is produced…

Q: Blood pressure at the arterial end of capillaries is about 40 mm Hg in humans. If blood pressure at…

A: The force of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels is termed as blood pressure. It is the…

Q: How do variables such as length and diameter of a tube and viscosity of a liquid (blood) affect the…

A: The circulatory system is one of the most essential systems in the body. The function of the…

Q: What is meant by collateral flow?

A: There is a system for supplying oxygen-rich blood to each organ of our body. In the case of the…

Q: Why does increasing EDV increase contractility?

A: The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the…

Q: Discuss the physics of the motion of positive and negative ions in the blood and cells?

A: The cell membrane is composed up of lipids that form a barrier that only certain substances can pass…

Q: If 2 L of blood were injected into a normal human body, what influence would this injection have on…

A: Cardiac output can be defined as the product between the heart rate and the stroke volume. The…

Q: Countercurrent flow of blood and water is more efficient than concurrent flow because a … is…

A: Countercurrent flow is the flow of anything in opposite direction and concurrent flow is the flow of…

Q: What can ECGs give information on?

A: Heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system. Its main function is to transport oxygen,…

Q: Describe ECG technique?

A: An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple, painless diagnostic test that measures the heart's…

Q: What could it mean if the capillary refill time measures 10 seconds in all digits?

A: It is the test to determine the perfusion of the tissue. Procedure:- manually press the ventral side…

Q: What do you mean by double circulation? Represent it diagramatically.

A: DOUBLE CIRCULATION;-Blood passes through the heart twice per circuit....the right pump sends…

Q: can you please explain how to use this formula.  Mean Arterial Pressure(MAP)=CO x PR CO=SV x HR

A: The mean arterial pressure determines the average pressure at which blood through the arteries in…

Q: What do you mean by double circulation?

A: Circulation is a process by which blood along with oxygen and nutrients are supplied to every cells.…

Q: How does the flow of a fluid in a closed circulatory system differ fromthe movement of molecules…

A: A circulatory system has three basic components including a set of interconnecting vessels, a…

Q: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.

A: Kidney is an important organ of the body. There are two pairs of kidney. It is located in the…

Q: Which of the following statements is correct regarding Dr Loewi's experiment? O a The results showed…

A: Dr. Otto Loewi's experiment :  Loewi isolated two beating frog's heart. One with vagus nerve and…

Q: Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid into / out of capillaries. Osmotic pressure drives fluid into /…

A: Step 1 The bulk flow of capillary as well as tissue fluid occurs through filtration as well as…

Q: Why is the Frank-Starling law of the heart important to the understanding of heart failure?

A: Frank starling law is a law that defines the relation between end diastolic volume and stroke…

Q: we measured the stroke volume of the left ventricle. What was the average stroke volume of the right…

A: The circulatory system is one of the major systems of the human body. The circulatory system…

Q: Why do implantable defibrillators require far less power on their own than a pacemaker?

A: Pacemaker is known as artificial heart which is incorporated of any problem in functioning of the…

Q: Let us consider a situation where a blood platelet is travelling through a coronary artery that has…

A: This question is about  platelets in blood.

Q: Atrial fibrillation can be caused by wandering re-entrant circuits.  What does this mean?

A: Introduction Any valve in the heart can be damaged or diseased, resulting in valvular heart disease.…

Q: Which of the following would increase flow? Vasoconstriction of the artery An increase in blood…

A: Blood flow is defined as the movement of blood through an organ, tissue or a vessel. The contraction…

Q: Let us consider a situation where a blood platelet is traveling through a coronary artery that has…

A: Introduction:  Platelets are pieces of megakaryocytes, which are very big cells in the bone marrow.…

Q: Compare the sodium current and potassium current when membrane potential is below the reversal…

A: An action potential occurs in the neuron membrane due to the opening and closing of voltage-gated…

Q: In your own words and understanding, what is the main function of a defibrillator?

A: A defibrillator is a device by which the electrical activity of the heart is assessed and…

Q: why double circulation is necessary in human beings?

A: Blood is the body fluid that is composed of plasma and formed cell that circulates through the…

Q: How can an individual’s maximum heart rate be estimated explain with a formula?

A: Heart rate is defined as the number of heartbeats per minute. A normal resting heart rate for adults…

Q: Assume the following pressures on the arterial end of a capillary: Plasma hydrostatic pressure =…

A: The circulatory system is one of the most essential systems in the body. The function of the…

Q: What are 4 factors that may increase one's pulse rate?

A: Pulse rate is the quantitative assessment of cardiac functioning during which the doctor records the…

Q: You wanted to prepare a fish dish for your grandfather that he loves the dried salted Codfish. But…

A: Overnight soaking,  desalting

Q: Diagrammatically explain the phenomenon of counter current multiplication.

A: The process of harnessing energy to create an osmotic gradient that allows you to reabsorb tubular…

Q: 1 What units do we use to measure pulse rate?

A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: What is counter current mechanism?

A: Kidney is an important organ of the body. There are two pairs of kidney. It is located in the…

Q: Illustrate the characteristics of the Wenckebach phenomenon seen on ECG?

A: A simple test to examine the heart's rhythm and electrical activity is an electrocardiogram (ECG).…

Q: What could it mean if the capillary refill time measures 2 seconds in the digits of one hand and 10…

A: Capillary refill time  is a quick  way to determine a patient's intravascular volume status,…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.