Variable Costing Marley Company has the following information for March: Sales $912,000 Variable cost of goods sold 474,000 Fixed manufacturing costs 82,000 Variable selling and administrative expenses 238,100 Fixed selling and administrative expenses 54,700 Determine the following for Marley Company for the month of March: a. Manufacturing margin b. Contribution margin c. Operating income $
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- Total and Unit Product Cost Martinez Manufacturing Inc. showed the following costs for last month: Last month, 4,000 units were produced and sold. Required: 1. Classify each of the costs as product cost or period cost. 2. What is the total product cost for last month? 3. What is the unit product cost for last month?Cost Classification Loring Company incurred the following costs last year: Required: 1. Classify each of the costs using the following table format. Be sure to total the amounts in each column. Example: Direct materials, 216,000. 2. What was the total product cost for last year? 3. What was the total period cost for last year? 4. If 30,000 units were produced last year, what was the unit product cost?Estimated income statements, using absorption and variable costing Prior to the first month of operations ending October 31, Marshall Inc. estimated the following operating results: The company is evaluating a proposal to manufacture 50,000 units instead of 40,000 units, thus creating an ending inventory of 10,000 units. Manufacturing the additional units will not change sales, unit variable factory overhead costs, total fixed factory overhead cost, or total selling and administrative expenses. a. Prepare an estimated income statement, comparing operating results if 40,000 and 50,000 units are manufactured in (1) the absorption costing format and (2) the variable costing format. b. What is the reason for the difference in operating income reported for the two levels of production by the absorption costing income statement?
- The following data were adapted from a recent income statement of Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) for the year ended December 31: Assume that 8,500 million of cost of goods sold and 4,000 million of selling, administrative, and other expenses were fixed costs. Inventories at the beginning and end of the year were as follows: Also, assume that 30% of the beginning and ending inventories were fixed costs. a. Prepare an income statement according to the variable costing concept for Caterpillar Inc. Round numbers to nearest million. b. Explain the difference between the amount of operating income reported under the absorption costing and variable costing concepts. Round numbers to nearest million.Identify cost graphs The following cost graphs illustrate various types of cost behavior: For each of the following costs, identify the cost graph that best illustrates its cost behavior as the number of units produced increases: A. Total direct materials cost B. Electricity costs of 1,000 per month plus 0.10 per kilowatt-hour C. Per-unit cost of straight-line depreciation on factory equipment D. Salary of quality control supervisor, 20,000 per month E. Per-unit direct labor costVariable-Costing and Absorption-Costing Income Borques Company produces and sells wooden pallets that are used for moving and stacking materials. The operating costs for the past year were as follows: During the year, Borques produced 200,000 wooden pallets and sold 204,300 at 9 each. Borques had 8,200 pallets in beginning finished goods inventory; costs have not changed from last year to this year. An actual costing system is used for product costing. Required: 1. What is the per-unit inventory cost that is acceptable for reporting on Borquess balance sheet at the end of the year ? How many units are in ending inventory? What is the total cost of ending inventory? 2. Calculate absorption-costing operating income. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What would the per-unit inventory cost be under variable costing? Does this differ from the unit cost computed in Requirement 1? Why? 4. Calculate variable-costing operating income. 5. Suppose that Borques Company had sold 196,700 pallets during the year. What would absorption-costing operating income have been? Variable-costing operating income?
- The following product costs are available for Kellee Company on the production of eyeglass frames: direct materials, $32,125; direct labor, $23.50; manufacturing overhead, applied at 225% of direct labor cost; selling expenses, $22,225; and administrative expenses, $31,125. The direct labor hours worked for the month are 3,200 hours. A. What are the prime costs? B. What are the conversion costs? C. What is the total product cost? D. What is the total period cost? E. If 6.425 equivalent units are produced, what is the equivalent material cost per unit? F. What is the equivalent conversion cost per unit?Ellerson Company provided the following information for the last calendar year: During the year, direct materials purchases amounted to 278,000, direct labor cost was 189,000, and overhead cost was 523,000. During the year, 100,000 units were completed. Refer to Exercise 2.21. Last calendar year, Ellerson recognized revenue of 1,312,000 and had selling and administrative expenses of 204,600. Required: 1. What is the cost of goods sold for last year? 2. Prepare an income statement for Ellerson for last year.Variable Cost Ratio, Contribution Margin Ratio Chillmax Company plans to sell 3,500 pairs of shoes at 60 each in the coming year. Unit variable cost is 21 (includes direct materials, direct labor, variable factory overhead, and variable selling expense). Fixed factory overhead is 30,000 and fixed selling and administrative expense is 48,000. Required: 1. Calculate the variable cost ratio. 2. Calculate the contribution margin ratio. 3. Prepare a contribution margin income statement based on the budgeted figures for next year. In a column next to the income statement, show the percentages based on sales for sales, total variable cost, and total contribution margin.
- Pattison Products, Inc., began operations in October and manufactured 40,000 units during the month with the following unit costs: Fixed overhead per unit = 280,000/40,000 units produced = 7. Total fixed factory overhead is 280,000 per month. During October, 38,400 units were sold at a price of 24, and fixed marketing and administrative expenses were 130,500. Required: 1. Calculate the cost of each unit using absorption costing. 2. How many units remain in ending inventory? What is the cost of ending inventory using absorption costing? 3. Prepare an absorption-costing income statement for Pattison Products, Inc., for the month of October. 4. What if November production was 40,000 units, costs were stable, and sales were 41,000 units? What is the cost of ending inventory? What is operating income for November?Ellerson Company provided the following information for the last calendar year: During the year, direct materials purchases amounted to 278,000, direct labor cost was 189,000, and overhead cost was 523,000. During the year, 100,000 units were completed. Required: 1. Calculate the total cost of direct materials used in production. 2. Calculate the cost of goods manufactured. Calculate the unit manufacturing cost. 3. Of the unit manufacturing cost calculated in Requirement 2, 2.70 is direct materials and 5.30 is overhead. What is the prime cost per unit? Conversion cost per unit?A company sells mulch by the cubic yard. Grade A much sells for $150 per cubic yard and has variable costs of $65 per cubic yard. The company has fixed expenses of $15,000 per month. In August, the company sold 240 cubic yards of Grade A mulch. A. Calculate the contribution margin per unit for Grade A mulch. B. Calculate the contribution margin ratio of the Grade A mulch. C. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the month of August.