We are talking about driving glycolysis in reverse in biology. to do that, we need the products. one of the products is pyruvate. i am a little confused on how we go from co2 to pyruvate in the krebs cycle? my teacher said that NADH reduces CO2 to CH2O which i understand but i think it would be C2OH. can you please write co2 --> pyruvate in an flow chart form so i can see each individual step? and what is NADH + CO2 = ? thank you

We are talking about driving glycolysis in reverse in biology. to do that, we need the products. one of the products is pyruvate. i am a little confused on how we go from co2 to pyruvate in the krebs cycle? my teacher said that NADH reduces CO2 to CH2O which i understand but i think it would be C2OH. can you please write co2 --> pyruvate in an flow chart form so i can see each individual step? and what is NADH + CO2 = ? thank you

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter4: How Cells Obtain Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9RQ: What do the electrons added to NAD do? a. They become part of a fermentation pathway. b. They go to...

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The conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway results in a net formation of: a. 1 mol of NAD+ and 2 mol of ATP. b. 1 mol of NADH and 1 mol of ATP. c. 2 mol of NAD+ and 4 mol of ATP. d. 2 mol of NADH and 2 mol of ATP. e. 2 mol of NADH and 4 mol of ATP.
Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is true? (A) The purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway is to produce NADH for use in anabolic pathways and ribose 6-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.(B) The oxidative arm of the PPP produces (2) NADPH per glucose 6-phosphate that enters the pathway. (C) Phosphopentose isomerase converts the ribose 5-phosphate made in the oxidative arm of the PPP into ribulose 5-phosphate that is used to form the ribose sugar of nucleotides.(D) The non-oxidative arm of the PPP interconverts between ribose 5-phosphate and a variety of intermediates of b-oxidation. (E) One of the functions of the PPP is to provide NADPH that inhibits glutathione reductase so that it cannot oxidatively damage RBCs.
The following statements describe the path of electrons from NADH through the electron transport chain. Please arrange them in order: Cytochrome c (Fe2+) carries electrons to Complex IV. Cytochrome c (Fe3+) is reduced to cytochrome c (Fe2+) QH2 carries electrons to Complex III Oxygen is reduced to water Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2)
The Krebs cycle occurs in the Select one: a. cytoplasm, as the compound acetyl CoA enters. b. mitochondria, as the compound pyruvate (C3) enters. c. mitochondria, as the compound acetyl CoA enters. d. cytoplasm, as the compound pyruvate (C3) enters.
a. Starting with acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, how many ATP molecules are needed to synthesize a 14 C fatty acid? A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12 b. How many FADH2 molecules will be obtained from the complete oxidation of Myristic acid to CO2 ? A. 13 B. 11 C. 15 D. 17 c. If the complete oxidation of a saturated fatty acid result in the production of 82 ATP molecules, how many ATP molecules will be obtained from a mono-unsaturated fatty acid of similar length? A. 80.5 B. 82 C. 84.5 D. 83.5
Which of the following statements is MOST ACCURATE? A. The oxidation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix results in the transfer of 1 electron to the electron transport chain. B. The reduction of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix results in the transfer of 1 electron to the electron transport chain. C. The reduction of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix results in the transfer of 2 electrons to the electron transport chain. D. The oxidation of NADH in the cytoplasm results in the transfer of 1 electron to the electron transport chain. E. The oxidation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix results in the transfer of 2 electrons to the electron transport chain.
Assume you have a solution containing the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and all the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, but none of the metabolic intermediates. When you supplement this solution with 5 μmoles each of pyruvate, oxaloacetate, coenzyme A, NAD+, FAD, GDP, and Pi , you find that 5 μmoles of CO2 are evolved and then the reaction stops. When you add alcohol dehydrogenase and its substrate acetaldehyde, additional CO2 is produced. (a) How do you explain this result? (b) How many μmoles of acetaldehyde are required to allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 15 μmoles of CO2?
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the pentose phosphate pathway? a. It has two reactions that produce NADPH in its oxidative phase. b. The pentose phosphate pathway is also called hexose diphosphate shunt. c. The pathway generates FADH2. d. NAPH is produced in the non-oxidative phase of the pathway.
One thing we've mentioned a lot in this class is that pyruvate can only undergo further oxidation (via PDH enzyme and TCA cycle), if there is sufficient O2 available. But why exactly is this the case? Is O2 needed specifically in one of the reactions of the TCA cycle? if so, which TCA cycle reaction is it needed for and what is its role in that reaction? If you do not think that O2 is specifically needed in a reaction of the TCA cycle, explain why it is needed for the TCA cycle to function?
Two Acetyl-coA molecules released from a fatty acid enter the Krebs cycle, and can produce six NADH molecules and two FADH2 molecules. These reduced coenzymes can be used to generate: a) 28 ATP b) 22 ATP c) 12 ATP d) 6 ATP e) 4 net ATP
How many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the citric acid cycle? a. one b. two c. three d. four
How do cytosolic NADH electrons get to the electron transport chain under aerobic conditions? My idea was that it used oxidation.