What are some molecules found on mucosal surfaces that enhance the non-specific defenses of these sites?

Q: What are the effects of complement system activation?

A: Thank you for the question  Answer = complement system is a part of innate immune system and is also…

Q: List the sequence of events in an inflammatory response and describe each step.

A: Inflammatory responses can be defined as a complex sequence of events induced by tissue damage by…

Q: What is the mechanism underlying the allergic response to an antibiotic?

A: Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial substances that fight bacterial infections in people and…

Q: How do NK cells recognize which cells to attack in ADCC?

A: Natural killer cells, or NK cells, are lymphocytes that belong to the innate lymphoid cell family.…

Q: In addition to cells infected by microbes, what other types of target cells are attacked by…

A: Lymphocytes are the types of WBC (white blood cells) that are located in the immune system of the…

Q: In the absence of thymus, where does the maturation of t cells occur ?

A: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes are two important immune cells that take part in acquired immunity…

Q: Why is iron availability important in body defenses?

A: The cells of the immune system are categorized as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The…

Q: How does the inflammatory response help the body resist disease? What symptoms does it cause?

A: Inflammation is the response of the body against the infection or injury or irritation. It helps the…

Q: Why do you think celiac disease causes several types of symptoms and potentially serious…

A: Introduction Autoimmune diseases:- It is a condition when your immune system attacks healthy cells…

Q: What is the action of Anatomical barriers Inflammation Interferon (type I)?

A: The body system comprising of various organs, tissues, cells, and chemicals that function to protect…

Q: What phagocytic cell types are involved in the acute inflammatory response? What is the role of…

A: The fundamental phagocytes engaged with acute inflammation are the neutrophils, a kind of white…

Q: Serum sickness belongs to what type of hypersensitivity? What causes serum sickness?

A: Hypersensitivity occurs when body produces an unnecessary and undesirable immune response following…

Q: Explain the inflammatory response

A: Answer: Introduction: Both infectious and non-infectious carriers and cell injury activate…

Q: Injury to the spleen can lead to its removal. What impact would this have on host defenses?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  SPLEEN  It is present in the abdomen in the upper left side  this organ helps in…

Q: Why is the evasion of phagocytosis a type of virulence factor?

A: The chemicals that help the bacteria invade the host at the cellular level are known as virulence…

Q: What role do cytotoxic T cells play in fighting infection?

A: A cytotoxic T cell is a T lymphocyte that kills cancer cells or cells infected/ damaged in other…

Q: How is complement activation triggered in the classical complement pathway, and how does complement…

A: The complement system is also known as the complement cascade. It is a part of the immune system. As…

Q: Describe several reasons why phagocytes are not alwayseffective at removing pathogens from the body

A: Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and…

Q: What do rubor, calor, tumor, and dolor mean?  What is the cause of each in the inflammatory process?

A: Rubor, calor, tumor, and dolor occurs when inflammation occurs in the body. Inflammation refers to…

Q: What is the role of histamine in inflammatory response? Name few drugs which reduce the symptoms of…

A: Allergy is referred to as the hypersensitiveness of a person to some foreign substance when coming…

Q: main symptoms of an acute inflammatory reaction

A: Acute inflammation is a short term response / process which occurs in response to tissue injury and…

Q: Describe Two Features of phagocytes that are essential in their response to microbial invasion.

A: Introduction Innate immunity is a natural genotype-based system of defense elements with which an…

Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?

A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…

Q: What is the function of the inflammatory response?

A: Response evoked by the injury is termed inflammation. The inflammatory response is a defense…

Q: What is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome?

A: Introduction: A complex interplay between the humoral and cellular immune response, cytokines, and…

Q: Why are γδ T cells and NKT cells considered innate leukocytes?

A: γδ T cells and NKT cells are considered as the innate leukocytes, besides belonging to the T cell…

Q: How do the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system provide defenses against invading…

A: INTRODUCTION The body's most fundamental and nonspecific defense mechanism is physical defense.…

Q: Briefly describe the inflammatory response process.

A: Inflammatory is a process in which white blood cells of the body and the substance produced by them…

Q: Identify the classification of host Defenses.

A: Introduction  We are surrounded by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus etc. Every…

Q: Describe a typical inflammatory response

A: Inflammation is a common immune response. Immune response refers to every mechanism of the body…

Q: 36

A: cell-mediated immunity rely on antigen-presenting cells that contain membrane-bound MHC class I…

Q: Define the inflammatory response, and explain its benefits.

A: An immune response is a defense mechanism that happens within an organism to combat foreign…

Q: Why is it essential to classify inflammation based on the predominant exudate and duration

A: Inflammation is a type of immune response that prevents the body from infection by microbial agents.…

Q: What is the difference between non-specific and specific defenses? Contrast the two methods of…

A: The Immune system is responsible for protection from evading and foreign substances. This protection…

Q: Why is the evasion of phagocytosis a type of virulence factor?

A: Virulence factors are substances that aid germs in invading the host at the cellular level. These…

Q: How can the anamnestic response be explained in immunologic terms?

A: The immune system of the human body is divided into innate immunity and the adaptive immunity.…

Q: List the series of reactions involved in inflammatory response

A: The inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body that helps the body to fight against the things…

Q: Describe the main events in the inflammatory reaction, and explainwhat is occurring in each.

A: An inflammation is the sequence of events in response to the infections that would limit the effects…

Q: WHAT IS Humoral Immunity

A: Active immunity is the immunity induced in entities by the exposure of antigens. It is mediated by…

Q: why does the adaptive defense in the body takes longer than innate defense to become functional?

A: The immune response can either be an innate immune response or an adaptive immune response. Innate…

Q: What major events occur during an inflammatory reaction, and how do they contribute to pathogen…

A: The inflammatory response, or inflammation, is initiated by a cascade of chemical mediators and…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.