What are the bacterial cell targets of the different antibiotics?

Q: Mention and describe the two types of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

A: The emergence of resistance among the most essential bacterial pathogens is recognised as a main…

Q: What types of compounds in bacterial cells can serve as antigens?

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, they are present in various shapes in nature like rod-shaped,…

Q: what are the steps to reconstituting the antibiotics

A: Question is related to drug calculation and also asked about how to reconstitute antibiotic.…

Q: Identify  examples of cell-wall antibiotics that are not beta-lactam drugs.

A: Antibiotics are the chemicals that prevent or inhibit the growth of some microbes such as bacteria.

Q: Which genetic events have allowed Acinetobacter to become so resistant?

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…

Q: How are disease bacteria transmitted?

A: Step 1 Infective disease agents are a wide range of organisms – bacteria, viruses, protozoans,…

Q: How to avoid bacterial resistant?

A: Antibiotic resistance is on the rise. Many bacteria that are commensals have also become resistant…

Q: What is leading to the development of antibiotic-resistance bacteria? Why should we be concerned?

A: WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE BACTERIA ? Antibiotic are drugs designed to kill…

Q: How are bacteria-free phage particles obtained?

A: In the Transduction mechanism, the gene transfer from one bacteria to another occurs through a…

Q: what are two broad classifications of antibiotics in terms of their ability to kill or inhibit?

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances that are effective against bacteria. Antibiotic medications…

Q: What type of adaptation are the Shigella bacteria exhibiting?

A: Shigella are gram-negative, nonmotile, pathogenic bacteria that resembles E.coli and it has…

Q: In what phase would bacteria be affected the most if exposed to antibiotics?

A: Microbial growth is not defined in terms of cell size: however, it is defined as the increase in the…

Q: which one is more pathogenic? gram positive or gram negative bacteria? explain

A: Pathogens : It is the microorganism which cause damage to the host by causing diseases.  Difference…

Q: How do streptokinase and coagulase promote bacterialinfection and invasion?

A: A bacterial infection is a proliferation of a dangerous bacterial strain inside or on the body.…

Q: Describe the mechanisms bacteria employ to sequester iron during the course of an infecti

A: Iron sequestration, which is regulated by iron-binding proteins termed transferrins, is a well-known…

Q: When considering bacterial cells, what are the five major targets for antibiotics?

A: Antibiotics are agents which specifically inhibit the growth of bacterial cells. These antibiotics…

Q: What is the most chemically resistant non-spore-forming bacterial pathogen?

A: Although specific disinfectants and sterilization techniques are developed against the microbes, a…

Q: What does antimycobacterial drug target? What does it target?

A: Anti-mycobacterial drug is the one which is used to treat Mycobacterial infections like Tuberculosis…

Q: Is the ability to produce antibiotics limited only to bacterial species?Explain.

A: Antibiotics are chemical compounds produced by bacteria and also by many other microbes.

Q: Why we say Beta-lactam antibiotics to penicillin and also explain mode of action of theses…

A: Antibiotics is the word antibiosis which means against life.  They are chemical compounds obtained…

Q: How is the microbe that makes penicillin different from the one that makes streptomycin?

A: An antibiotic is a kind of antimicrobial substance dynamic against microbes. It is the main kind of…

Q: What might an infection by Gram-negative bacteriabe more difficult to treat than a Gram-positive…

A: Introduction Bacteria are single-celled organisms that are microscopic. Bacteria can be found…

Q: Name various sources of antibiotics.

A: Antibiotics are the chemical substances that have a lethal action on the life of bacteria. Some…

Q: Explain what are antibiotics?

A: The bacteria is the unicellular prokaryotic organism that exists in soil, water, plants, animals,…

Q: How do Salmonella typhi microorganisms live intracellularly? How are they able to replicate in…

A: Salmonella typhi is a rod shaped, flagellated, Gram Negative bacteria which is responsible for the…

Q: Which type of bacterial species can induce infections in humans?

A: Species of bacteria which cause disease are called pathogenic bacteria.  The body of the human is…

Q: How can the use of chemical agents contribute to bacterial antibiotic resistance?

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that are unicellular and devoid of the cellular organelle like…

Q: What is the viral shunt in the microbial loop?

A: The microbial loop generally explains the trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems the DOC (…

Q: Why are certain gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials…

A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of thin peptidoglycan cell wall. The…

Q: How could you determine if an isolated Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to antibiotics methicillin…

A: Staphylococcus aureus is a round shaped bacterium with Gram positive cell wall. Bacteria can have…

Q: What part of the host cell is degraded after phage nucleic acid has entered a host cell?

A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…

Q: What is the most common gram-negative bacterium that can cause UTI in adults?

A: Microorganisms are rarely seen in urine (germs). Urine could be a consequence of our kidneys'…

Q: Which environment would a capnophilic bacterium like the best?

A: Microorganisms can be classified according to their requirements for growth. All the need and…

Q: How do microfilariae get into the blood?

A: Microfilariae is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes belonging to family…

Q: What causes the viral plaques that appear on a bacterial lawnto stop growing larger?

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside the host cells. They can infect all…

Q: What is meant by ‘narrow spectrum antibiotics’?

A: Antibiotics are the drugs used to kill bacterial species by limiting their cell division or…

Q: What are novel antibiotics? And their difference to normal antibiotics

A: What are novel antibiotics?

Q: How is a plaque similar to a bacterial colony? 3

A: The bacteriophage viruses replicate and spread over a cell culture by producing cell destruction…

Q: What is the normal bacterial flora? What is its role in defense?

A: Introduction :- A population of bacteria that lives on or in the body and has a special ecological…

Q: How does Escherichia coli try to protect itself from phage attack,and how does T4 protect itself…

A: The lytic cycle of the virus replication starts from the attachment of the virus on the surface of…

Q: a. List the bacteria from this chapter for which general, routine vaccines are given. b. For which…

A: Immunity is the body's biological system to recognize the antigen and fight gainst them and protect…

Q: What is bacterial promiscuity and how does it contribute to the general problem of antibiotic…

A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…

Q: How does non-compliance with antibiotic treatment regimens lead to the generation of drug resistant…

A: Antibiotics are drugs used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics have been used for a long time…

Q: Is a viral infection treatedwith the same kind of drugthat treats bacterialinfections?

A: The proliferation of harmful viruses inside the body of an organism causes viral infection. These…

Q: Do all antibiotics show the same affectivity against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms?

A: INTRODUCTION   The terms Gram positive and Gram negative are commonly used to describe bacteria. the…

Q: What is antibiotic resistance? Use your own words to explain

A: Antibiotics are a class of drugs that prevent or kill the growth of bacteria. Their mode of action…

Q: Explain the Mechanism of Action of β- Lactam Antibiotics ?

A: An agent which kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria is called as an antibiotic. They can be…

Q: What is the mechanism of an antibiotic removal device (ARD)?

A: Blood cultures are prepared to detect the presence of a pathogenic microbe in the blood. If the…

Q: What are broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics?

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances produced by certain microorganisms such as bacteria and…

Pathogenicity

Infection and Transmission

The infections are generated by the pathogenic organisms present in the environment. They maintain the capacity to invade a host body and establish colonies. A disease caused by such infectious agents is called a communicable disease or transmissible disease. These diseases spread through diverse means including blood, food, water, air, or vectors.