What conditions are necessary to destroy endospores? In what device are these conditions achieved?

Q: What are the materials used to grow microorganism like Spirulina?

A: Introduction In this question we will discuss about the materials used to grow microorganisms like…

Q: Why is it important for the commercial canning process to destroy the endospores of Clostridium…

A: An endospore is basically a dormant, tough and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria.

Q: How would you modify the isolation of endospore-forming organisms from the soil procedure you…

A: They are major contminants of food industry. Various species such as Clostridium botulinum ,…

Q: Why are endospore forming bacteria commonly found in soil?

A: A bacteria is a cell which is susceptible to a variety of environmental stress. Any environmental…

Q: Why does a streaking method used to inoculate plates result in isolated colonies?

A: Streaking method is used to obtain pure colonies of microbes(bacteria) from a proper single species…

Q: What is the function of an endospore?

A: Spores are single-celled reproductive structure that can withstand harsh environmental conditions…

Q: What is the purpose of the baking soda solution in the leaf disks experiment?

A: Leaf disks experiment is an experimental set up which is aimed at studying the effects of various…

Q: Why do some cells create endospores?

A: Cells are the smallest, functional and structural unit of life

Q: When are endospores produced?

A: Bacteria are a group of prokaryotic microscopic single celled organisms. They live in diverse…

Q: why is it that psychrotrophs placed in TSA medium are incubated at 7oC?

A: Psychrophiles are organisms that can survive and reproduce in low temperatures as low as -20 degrees…

Q: What kind of phototrophic bacteria make endospores?

A: Endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacterias and its…

Q: What external structure on the endospore acts as a protective barrier? What is its composition?

A: Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms that maintain a definite shape since it contains a…

Q: What steps are necessary to ensure the sterility of materialcontaminated with bacterial endospores?

A: During endospore formation, the bacteria protoplasm is condensed to a limited volume, which leads to…

Q: Why are semi-solid media such as TTC deeps suitable to test motility of bacteria?

A: There are several parameters which need to be studied in microbiology about different…

Q: How is the CTSA (Coconut tryptic soy agar) growth medium designed to meet the nutritional need of…

A: Coconut trypic soy agar media are general-purpose, non-selective media that provide enough nutrients…

Q: Contrast the terms thermal death time and decimalreduction time. How would the presence of…

A: Microbial growth can often be controlled by simple methods such as disinfection and decontamination.…

Q: Why have several specialized media been developed? Give an example ofone such medium.

A: Culture media is of basic importance for many microbiological tests: to get pure cultures, to grow…

Q: If the steps involving yeast inoculation are not done in vinegar, what would happen to the process?…

A: Fermentation is an anaerobic process which uses enzymes to cause chemical changes in organic…

Q: Why are complex media preferable to chemically defined media for routinecultivation of…

A: Microorganisms require nutrients as an energy source and certain other environmental conditions to…

Q: Why is CFU more applicable to a culture of Streptococcus than to a culture of E. coli?

A: Colony-forming unit (CFU) represents the number of colonies formed on the media plate from one…

Q: What is differential medium and differential media? Explain the difference ?

A: Difference between differential medumium -   .- A differential medium support the expansion of any…

Q: Explain why sulfa drugs prevent bacterial growth without harming the human host.

A: Antimicrobial drugs are those which destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganism. They have their…

Q: On what medium is the membrane filter incubated? Describe the appearance of coliforms on this…

A: Membrane filter technique is used for the enumeration as well as isolation of microbes in the water…

Q: Why are semisolid media sometimes preferred over slide techniques for evaluating bacterial motility?

A: Semi-solid media are soft media that is used in demonstrating the motility of bacteria and…

Q: If SIM medium was used for motility determination for Proteus vulgaris, what noticeable change to…

A: What is motility? Motility is the ability of an organism to move by itself. Eucaryotic cells use…

Q: How is the presence or absence of viable endospores related to sterility?

A: Endospore is a resistant asexual spore that develops inside the bacteria under the extreme…

Q: What is the stimulus for endospore production in bacteria?

A: The structures that are formed inside certain bacteria known as Endospores. Common bacteria species…

Q: what is the cause of different species of psychrotrophic bacteria growing in the CTSA medium at 7…

A: They can grow at extreme low temperatures and lead to spoilage of food by modifying the compounds…

Q: Is the autoclaving process absolute in killing all microorganisms? If not, what are the factors that…

A: Autoclave is an instrument or device which is used in  method of moist heat sterilisation; while…

Q: Are you able to identify the lag, log, stationary and death phase in using this growth curve?

A: Microbes grown in a closed or batch culture in which  certain conditions are that no nutrients are…

Q: What is selective medium?

A: Description of a selective medium.

Q: What process would explain why the dyes spread through the agar?

A: Agar -- Agar is polymer and mixture of polysaccharides obtained from the cell wall of red algae .…

Q: Is the Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) a complex or defined medium? Explain based on its composition. Is…

A: Mueller and Hinton in 1941 developed Mueller Hinton Agar(MHA). MHA is used for routine…

Q: What is a complex medium? and What are the basic components of a culture medium?

A: Medium is defined as the solid or liquid substratum on which the cells or organ can grow for further…

Q: Can members of the genus Cytophaga be cultured on standard solidified media? Why or why not?

A: The microorganisms can be grown in-vitro by subjecting them to suitable growth conditions. The…

Q: Where/ How did the researchers find the bacterium, which they named Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6?…

A: Ideonella sakaiensis is a unique bacterial species that is able to break down plastic and it is…

Q: What is the most difficult type of microbial cell or structure to kill? What methods can be used to…

A:

Q: What features of the endospore contribute to its resistance to harsh conditions?

A: Endospore is the non-reproductive and dormant structure produced by bacteria. The formation of these…

Q: What are the steps in nitrate reduction as carried outby Pseudomonas species? What is this metabolic…

A: Pseudomonas is the genus of bacteria that belongs to the Pseudomonadaceae family. It is a…

Q: How does smear preparation of cells from a liquid medium differ from preparation of cells from a…

A: Answer: Smear Preparation is the method in microbiology laboratories to place the small amount of…

Q: You have a starter culture containing 8 x 109 cells per mL, from which you take 10 mL to inoculate a…

A: The generation time of culture is considered to be the time at which it doubles and the mean growth…

Q: Outline the regulatory mechanisms used by Bacillus subtilis to control endospore formation

A: Bacteria is a unicellular prokaryotic organism that cannot be seen through the naked eye. Some…

Q: Under what conditions do endospores typically form?

A: Bacteria are prokaryotes. To continue their species bacteria reproduce. They reproduce both…

Q: Why does a streaking method used to inoculate plates result in isolated colonies? (Explain…

A:

Q: Autoclaving destroys living cells as well as what other bacterial stage that could cause…

A:

Q: What is the purpose of flaming an inoculating loop?

A: The question asks to give the reason for flaming or sterilizing an inoculating loop.

Archaeal cell structure

Bacteria and archaea are two different prokaryotic domains that, along with eukarya, make up the three domains of life. Archaeal organisms can be found all over the biosphere. Many genera are extremophiles, meaning they thrive in extreme environments such as extremely high temperatures, high salinity, or pH extremes. Bacterial and archaeal cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.