What is bioremediation? What is the difference between biotransformationand biodegradation?

In selecting target cells to receive a transferred gene in gene therapy, what factors do you think would have to be taken into account?

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA sequencing? a. DNA is separated on a gel, and the different bands are labeled with fluorescent nucleotides and scanned with a laser. b. A laser is used to fluorescently label the nucleotides present within the DNA, the DNA is run on a gel, and then the DNA is broken into fragments. c. Nucleotides are scanned with a laser and incorporated into the DNA that has been separated on a gel, and then the DNA is amplified with PCR. d. Fragments of DNA are produced in a reaction that labels them with any of four different fluorescent dyes, and the fragments then are run on a gel and scanned with a laser. e. DNA is broken down into its constituent nucleotides, and the nucleotides are then run on a gel and purified with a laser.

In the experiments of Aery, MacLeod, and McCarty, what was the purpose of treating the transforming extract with enzymes?

Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are (1) nucleotide changes and (2) unstable genome regions that undergo dynamic changes. Describe each type of mutation.

Cloning Genes Is a Multistep Process In cloning human DNA, why is it necessary to insert the DNA into a vector such as a bacterial plasmid?

What are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs, are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and become ready to be used in protein synthesis? What is the function of each modification?

IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.

What Are Clones? Cloning is a general term used for whole organisms and DNA sequences. Define what we mean when we say we have a clone.

What are the possible advantages or disadvantages to the organism or its offspring resulting from DNA modification by environmental factors?