What is lignin and its role in plants? Why can reducing the amount of lignin in trees enhance the efficiency of cellulostic-ethanol production? Why can't trees be genetically engineered without any lignin at all?
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- Does crossing over occur during prophase II? From an evolutionary perspective, why is this advantageous?How would a scientist introduce a gene for herbicide resistance into a plant?13. Suppose a biotechnology company has developed a GMO, a transgenic plant that expresses Bt toxin. The company sells its seeds to a farmer under the condition that the farmer may plant the seed, but not collect seed from the plants that grow and use it to produce crops in the subsequent season. The seeds are expensive, and the farmer buys seeds from the company only once. How could the company show experimentally that the farmer has violated the agreement and is using seeds collected from the first crop to grow the next crop?
- Why is so much effort being poured into genome mapping applications?8. Using recombinant DNA techniques (which willbe described in Chapter 9), it is possible to take theDNA of a gene from any source and place it on achromosome in the nucleus of a yeast cell. Whenyou take the DNA for a human gene and put it into ayeast cell chromosome, the altered yeast cell canmake the human protein. But when you remove theDNA for a gene normally present on yeast mitochondrial chromosomes and put it on a yeast chromosome inthe nucleus, the yeast cell cannot synthesize the correctprotein, even though the gene comes from the sameorganism. Explain. What would you need to do to ensurethat such a yeast cell could make the correct protein?Ch. 18-2 The photos shown below illustrate a case of synpolydactyly, a genetic abnormality characterized by two phenotypes: partially or completely duplicated fingers or toes, and webbing between fingers or toes. The same mutations that give rise to the human phenotype also give rise to a similar phenotype in mice. In which family of genes do you think these mutations occur?
- 12. a. You want to create a genetic construct that will express GFP in Drosophila. In addition to the GFPcoding sequence, what DNA element(s) must youinclude in order to express this protein in flies if theconstruct were integrated into the Drosophila genome? Where should such DNA element(s) be located? How would you ensure that GFP is expressedonly in certain tissues of the fly, such as the wing?b. Suppose you insert the GFP coding region plus allof the DNA elements required by the answer to part(a)—except the enhancer—between inverted repeatsfound at the ends of a particular transposable element.Because all of the DNA sequences located betweenthese inverted repeats can move from place to placein the Drosophila genome, you can generate manydifferent fly strains, each with the construct integrated at a different genomic location. You now examine animals from each strain for GFPfluorescence. Animals from different strains showdifferent patterns: some glow green in the eyes,others in…10. DNA clones, derived via reverse transcription of mRNA molecules into DNA and cloned into a vector form a ?52. Papaya plants are very susceptible to the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), which stunts the growth of the fruit and negatively impacts the taste. By 1995, PRSV wiped out the Hawaiian papaya crop completely and made it impossible to produce papaya commercially. In 1998, Cornell University developed a genetically modified papaya called Rainbow that was resistant to PRSV and introduced it to Hawaii. Currently, 80% of the papaya cultivated in Hawaii is genetically modified to be resistant to PRSV.Which of the following rows identifies the effect of PRSV on the original papaya population and the reason why the population recovered? Select one: a. Effect on the Original Population Reason for Recovery Population bottleneck Some papaya had the PRSV-resistance gene. b. Effect on the Original Population Reason for Recovery Increased gene flow The PRSV-resistance gene had to be artificially introduced to the papaya genome c. Effect on the Original Population Reason…
- 15. what is The ratio of the observed number of double recombinants to the number of double recombinants expected to occur?QNo.3 Why transgene copy number is a key concern for transgenic studies? Describe an efficient method for the estimation of copy number.(Genetic engineering).15. A method of sequencing long DNA fragments by generating new sequencing primers based on successive DNA reads is called?