What is the general formula for a noncyclic alkane? C?H a. b. If a noncyclic alkane contains 15 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it contain? Draw the line bond structures of following types of hydrocarbons using four carbon atoms: 2. a. two noncyclic alkanes b. two cycloalkanes Give the molecular formula, the line bond structural formula, the condensed structural formula, and the skeletal formula for pentane 3. Molecular formula: Line bond structural formula: Condensed structural formula: Skeletal formula

What is the general formula for a noncyclic alkane? C?H a. b. If a noncyclic alkane contains 15 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it contain? Draw the line bond structures of following types of hydrocarbons using four carbon atoms: 2. a. two noncyclic alkanes b. two cycloalkanes Give the molecular formula, the line bond structural formula, the condensed structural formula, and the skeletal formula for pentane 3. Molecular formula: Line bond structural formula: Condensed structural formula: Skeletal formula

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter22: Organic And Biological Molecules

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RQ: Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the...

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Why are different conformations of an alkane not considered structural isomers?
Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.
Use the generic formula for alkanes (CnH2n+2) to derive molecular and condensed structural formulas for: a. Propane, 3 carbon atoms b. Octane, 8 carbon atoms c. Butane, 4 carbon atoms
Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the following false statements regarding nomenclature of hydrocarbons. a. The root name for a hydrocarbon is based on the shortest continuous chain of carbon atoms. b. The suffix used to name all hydrocarbons is -ane. c. Substituent groups are numbered so as to give the largest numbers possible. d. No number is required to indicate the positions of double or triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes. e. Substituent groups get the lowest number possible in alkenes and alkynes. f. The ortho- term in aromatic hydrocarbons indicates the presence of two substituent groups bonded to carbon- 1 and carbon-3 in benzene.
What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon? Distinguish between normal and branched hydrocarbons. What is an alkane? What is a cyclic alkane? What are the two general formulas for alkanes? What is the hybridization of carbon atoms in alkanes? What are the bond angles in alkanes? Why are cyclopropane and cyclobutane so reactive? The normal (unbranched) hydrocarbons are often referred to as straight-chain hydrocarbons. What does this name refer to? Does it mean that the carbon atoms in a straight-chain hydrocarbon really have a linear arrangement? Explain. In the shorthand notation for cyclic alkanes, the hydrogens are usually omitted. How do you determine the number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon in a ring structure?
Which list of hydrocarbons is in the correct order from the least number of carbons to the most? a. methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane b. pentane, sextane, septane, octane, nonane c. butane, decane, octane, nonane, methane d. methane, ethane, pentane, butane, propane e. ethane, methane, propane, decane, octane
a volume of 448 ml of an alkane was completely burned. The combustion products were passed through an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide, from which 8 grams of precipitate were formed. Find: a) the molecular formula of the alkane b) formulas of isomers of alkane structure
(a) What structural feature is associated with each type of hydrocarbon: alkane, cycloalkane, alkene, and alkyne?(b) Give the general formula for each type.(c) Which hydrocarbons are considered saturated?
Draw a skeletal structure for an alkane that has a. six carbons, all secondary. b. eight carbons and only primary hydrogens. c. seven carbons with two isopropyl groups.