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What is the optimum growth temperature for most human pathogens? Explain.
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- What is the most difficult type of microbial cell or structure to kill? What methods can be used to sterilize a sample contaminated with these?In which growth phase are microorganisms most sensitive to antimicrobial agents? Why?What is a generally minimum pH for growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum and other foodborne pathogens?a) 8.5 b) 7.0 c) 6.5 d) 4.5 e) 2.0
- when heat treatment is used as to contril microbial growth, what is the immediate impact of this increased temperature?Why is chlorination, although beneficial in terms of bacterial pathogen control, of environmental concern?Of what practical importance are air borne microorganisms to the laboratory workers? What precautions should be taken to control laboratory contaminants? Of what advantage is the using a solid and a liquid medium?
- Spores and toxin-producing microorganism produce toxins need higher Aw than minimum Aw for microbial growth. How could food industry benefit from this fact?Agar is a complex polysaccharide obtained from seaweed and cannot be digested by most microorganisms. Why does this property make agar an excellent solidifying agent for microbiological media?Which has a greater impact on the survival of an organism, temperatures above its maximum temperature or temperatures below its minimum temperature? Explain why and how this relates to typical methods used to control microbial growth.
- Why is the time of exposure and temperature required for sterilization greater for dry heat than for autoclaving?Is the autoclaving process absolute in killing all microorganisms? If not, what are the factors that hinder effective sterilization through autoclaving?The optimum growth pH for a microorganism is usually: 4,5,7 or 8