What is the two factors determining the primary structure of a polypeptide chain

Q: How many chiral centers are there in the open-chain form of glucose? In the cyclic form?

A: Chiral carbons are asymmetric carbon atoms that are attached to four different atoms. Each chiral…

Q: Which of the following are nitrogenous bases with the general structure shown in the picture?…

A: The nitrogenous base shown in the picture contains a bi cyclic ring which indicates that it is a…

Q: Histidine: draw the amino acid side chain and give the single and three letter abbreviation.

A: Histidine is known as a semi-essential amino acid because it is synthesized in the body in adults…

Q: What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

A: Amino acids are biological compounds which play an important role in the various biochemical…

Q: What changes in the structure of each polysaccharide affect its gelling property? Explain in five…

A: The gelation occurs in polysaccharide (they form it) because of the formation of intra- and…

Q: Which kinds of interactions can be seen in the tertiary structure of proteins?

A: The determination of biological function of a protein lies in its conformation or 3D structure.…

Q: What changes in the structure of each polysaccharide affect its gelling property?

A: Gels are solid and jelly-like materials formed from colloid polysaccharides, polymers and proteins.

Q: What is the approximate molecular weight of a protein with 682 amino acid residues in a single…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins/polypeptides. Amino acids are classified on the…

Q: How is the primary structure of a polypeptide chain is determined?

A: Polypeptide chains are form by the chain of amino acids

Q: If the amino acids alanine and glycine react to form a peptide bond, is there more than one reaction…

A: Amino acids are made up of a central carbon atom, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group…

Q: In N-linked glycoproteins, the sugar is usually attached to the protein by a bond to the N atom in a…

A: Amino acids are the monomers of the proteins.

Q: How many glycosylated oligopeptide contains how many peptide bonds?

A: Introduction: A glycosylated oligopeptide contains a sugar molecule attached to it either via…

Q: How does the R group affect the solubility of polypeptides?

A: The class of organic compounds is represented by R groups which consist of a carbon or hydrogen atom…

Q: What is the charge on histidine at neutral pH

A: Amino acids are compounds having carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. They serve as monomers of…

Q: Which of the following describes the overall three- dimensional folding of a polypeptides? *

A: Proteins are composed of twenty standard amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. These…

Q: What structural features does a sphingolipid have in common with proteins? Are there functional…

A: Lipids can be defined as organic substance that are moderately insoluble in water but soluble in…

Q: Despite being hydrophobic, why is methionine (Met) not located within a protein?

A: Methionine is an amino acid that is regarded to be one of the necessary amino acids. Although it is…

Q: What amino acids do the following abbreviations standfor? Draw the structure of each.

A: A three-letter abbreviations or a single letter code is for amino acid

Q: For determining the crystal structure, a short sequence of histidine residues is sometimes attached…

A: A polyhistidine tag is an amino acid motif in proteins that typically consists of at least six…

Q: what are the r groups in proteins

A: Proteins are the basic building blocks that are formed by repeated linkage of amino acids through…

Q: Which of the following is the C-terminal amino acid in the polypeptide…

A: In a polypeptide chain, the amino acid consist of an amino group on the alpha carbon atom at one end…

Q: Why is proline frequently encountered at the places in the myoglobin and hemoglobin molecules where…

A: mRNA is translated to form proteins in the cytoplasm. The protein's primary structure (amino acid…

Q: Why is cysteine such an important amino acid for defining the tertiary structure of some proteins?

A: Protein has several confirmation levels, out of which quaternary level is the most functional…

Q: Name and draw the structure of two charged amino acids

A: Amino acids are compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They are monomers…

Q: Would the presence of a chiral center in an amino acid side chain affect the formation of a peptide…

A: The carboxylic group and amino group of amino acids are not directly bonded to any of the atoms of…

Q: Which of the followings is not a structural polysaccharide?

A: Polysaccharides consist of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide units. Polysaccharides are also…

Q: What is the difference between a sphingolipid and a glycosphingolipid? Chemically and functionally?

A: Lipids vary extraordinarily from different gatherings of biomolecules considered up to this point.…

Q: A polypeptide has a high pI value. Suggest which aminoacids might comprise it

A: A polypeptide chain having a high pI value comprise of following amino acids : Lysine, arginine.

Q: What is the contribution of dilsulfide bonds in proteins?Which groups or side chain participate in…

A: The structure of the protein is crucial for its function. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and…

Q: What forces contribute to the folding of a polypeptide? Can you explain the reasoning too?

A: The folding of a protein into its proper three dimensional structure is necessary for attaining the…

Q: Draw the structure of a dipeptide containing the amino acidsalanine and tyrosine and outline the…

A: Protein is a polymer formed from amino acid joined by peptide bond. It is abundantly found in the…

Q: Write the chemical structure of peptide containing the following amino acid PRO-SER-GLY-LEU

A: Proteins are one of the most important compounds in the cells. Proteins are involved in all cell…

Q: Why is methionine (Met) not found on the inside of a protein even though it is hydrophobic?

A: The amino acid methionine is considered as one of the essential amino acids. It is a hydrophobic…

Q: What is the minimum number of polypeptide chains necessary for quaternary structure to exist?

A: The structural organization of protein was classified into four types: primary structure: formation…

Q: Name another condition besides heat and exposure to a bond disruptor (like alcohol) that could…

A: Proteins are biomolecules composed of Amino acids. Proteins have different levels of structural…

Q: What is meant by the term polypeptide backbone?

A: A series of amino acids joined by peptide bonds form a polypeptide chain and each amino acid unit in…

Q: Explain how the primary structure of a polypeptide influences its secondary and tertiary structures.

A: Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acid residues that have been polymerized. Protein is a…

Q: What is an oligopeptide? How is it different from a polypeptide?

A: Peptides can be defined as the short chains present between two and fifty amino acids, joined by…

Q: What is meant by “polarity” of a polypeptide chain and by “polarity” of a chemical bond? How do the…

A: Anything which has distinct two or more ends is said to be polar. Amino acids have an alpha carboxyl…

Q: What types of interactions are possible between the side chains of the polypeptide shown below?…

A: Amino acids side chains form H-bonds when amine and carboxylic groups are present in the side…

Q: Describe the types of interactions that determine the conformation of a polypeptide chain.

A: The polypeptide chain is composed of amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. Polypeptides…

Q: Draw the structure of a polypeptide backbone

A: Polypeptides are polymers or chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The sequence of amino…

Q: What are the properties of a peptide bond?

A: Peptides and polypeptides are linear and unbranched polymers composed of amino acids linked together…

Q: What is the overall net charge on the peptide

A: Given peptide: lys-lys-ser-glu pKa of amino group (lys) = 9.6 pKa of  carboxyl group (glu) = 2.1 pKa…

Q: Which of the following four general statements is TRUE regarding this tetrapeptide?

A: Given a tetrapeptide having residue 1 as acidic, residue 2 proline, residue 3 cysteine and residue 4…

Q: What type of tertiary structure interactions are most likely between the following amino acids? (Use…

A: Amino acids are building blocks of proteins; they include a carboxylic acid group on the alpha…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.