What structural characteristics are common to all the amino acids that are found in mammalian proteins and draw the structure of the tripeptide His-Leu-Cys in the ionic form that predominates at pH 7. Show all atoms (including hydrogens) as well as any charges as necessary. Explain the general features of amino acids side chains and the importance of associated non-covalent interactions.

Q: the amino acid histidine has three ionizable groups with pKa values of 1.8, 6.0, and 9.2. In a…

A: Using Henderson Hasslebach equation, pH=pKa+log [his] \[hisH+] 5.4=1.8+log[his] \[his H+]…

Q: Most cellular proteins are globular. Characterize the tertiary or globular structure from the scheme…

A: Proteins are heteropolymers of amino acids. Proteins contain a linear chain of amino acids attached…

Q: Draw Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly peptide. What is the net charge of this peptide at pH 3, 8…

A: polypeptides are made up of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds (covalent in…

Q: Please draw a single polypeptide chain structure that has the following amino acids (leucine,…

A: Polypeptides are the sequence of amino acids are bound to each other by peptide bonds. The peptide…

Q: Cysteine is an important amino acid that stabilizes the structure of peptides and proteins by the…

A: Cysteine at neutral pH (=7) has the structure NH2-CH(CH2-SH)-COOH. We know the pka for acid is 1.092…

Q: Determine the net charge of the peptide below at pH 7 and 12. Show your solution.…

A: Given peptide sequence: Thr-Glu-Pro-Ile-Val-Ala-Pro-Met-Glu-Tyr-Gly-Lys At low pH, a peptide is…

Q: The stability of an alpha helix is determined not only by the intrastrand H - bonds, but also by the…

A: The helix structure of a protein is a secondary structure, which is stabilized by the intra H…

Q: Alanine has a strong tendency to form α-helix. A biochemist synthesized a polypeptide consisting of…

A:

Q: At what level of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary or quarternary) does Hydrogen…

A: Protein structures: Proteins are made up of amino acids, different arrangements of the amino acids…

Q: Dextrans are polysaccharides produced by certain species of bacteria.They are glucans, with…

A: Polysaccharides are the most abundant carbohydrate found in food. They are long chain polymeric…

Q: Peptide (amide) bonds are foundational to biochemistry. Use the instructions for drawing peptides to…

A: Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds which are formed between the carbonyl atom of one amino acid…

Q: Residues such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, andphenylalanine are often found in the…

A: Proteins are translated from mRNA. Post translation, protein is modified and folded into secondary…

Q: The tertiary structure of a protein is maintained by interactions between the side chains of amino…

A: Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are bound together by peptide linkage. Amino acids…

Q: The simplest form of the Ramachandran diagram is calculated by ignoring hydrogen bonding,…

A: The Ramachandran plot is a plot of the torsional angles - phi (φ)and psi (ψ) - of the residues…

Q: Dextrans are polysaccharides produced by certain species of bacteria. They are glucans, with…

A: Glucans are the polysaccharides obtained from D-glucose units connected via glycosidic bonds.…

Q: The oligopeptide isolated from the brain of an animal has the sequence…

A: Introduction :- Proteins are made up amino acids ( linked with each other by the help of peptide…

Q: Assume you have a long polypeptide chain of Ser-Asp dipeptides linked end to end.  Explain the…

A: Serine is described as an amino acid that is majorly used in the process of biosynthesis of…

Q: Protein-4YU4 is given, choose a part of it (containing at least 30 amino acid residues), find the…

A: Protein-4YU4 is a PDB (protein data bank) name of mongoose haemoglobin, it is consist of four chains…

Q: A tetradecapeptide (14 amino acid residues) gives the following peptide fragments on partial…

A: Peptides or proteins are composed of amino acids linked together via peptide or amide bonds. Protein…

Q: I don't understand, pls help ASAP!

A: The beta-sheet of the spider comprises the alanine.

Q: An a-Helix (or helices) is often found at anion binding sites of different proteins. Explain this…

A: Helices are spring like structure which forms through the hydrogen bonding between C=O of the ith…

Q: The three-dimensional structure of a protein is determined by its primary, secondary, and tertiary…

A: The order of arrangement of amino acids in the peptides is called as Primary structure. The…

Q: Draw the structural formula for the pentapeptide segment being synthesized. (Val-Thr-Arg-Pro-Glu)…

A: Protein is one of the major macromolecules that are essential for the normal functioning of the…

Q: say you have been asked to determine the molecular structure of a soluble protein with roughly 500…

A: Determining the structural basis of protein in a molecular or even atomic level would enable us to…

Q: Each amino acid in a run of several amino acid residues of a polypeptide chain have phi values of…

A: Ramachandran plot gives the statistical distribution of the combinations of the dihedral angles ϕ…

Q: What is a zwitterion? Support answer with illustration  In naming an amino acid, how many indicate…

A: Zwitterion Zwitterions is hybrid of molecules contains positive and negative ionic group Each amino…

Q: Are phosphate groups considered negatively charged and acidic (because the negative charge is due to…

A: Amino acids are the basic unit of proteins. There can be different types of R groups in each amino…

Q: Draw out the peptide DPGS as it would appear in a Type II β-turn and clearly label/identify all the…

A: Beta turns are a prominent secondary structure seen in proteins. The 2 most common types of beta…

Q: A pentapeptide has the sequence of H2N-Glu–His–Leu-Arg-Gly-COOH. a) What is the net charge of the…

A: Amino acids are organic compounds which is compose of amine group, carboxylate group, hydrogen and…

Q: What does this statement mean: "Upon folding of a protein many main chain amides replace their…

A: Proteins are generally present in an unfolded state after translation, the folding of some proteins…

Q: Regarding to ALL the 20 standard amino acids 1. Are ALL the 20 standard amino acids asymmetric and…

A: Proteins are molecules that form the building block of life. Amino acids are biomolecules that form…

Q: What structural characteristics are common to all the amino acids that are found in mammalian…

A: Amino acids are the monomer units of a protein. Structurally amino acids are similar in all living…

Q: The following sequence of amino acids are part of adult hemoglobin from the N-terminus. DRAW THE…

A: Amino acids are the molecules that join to form a protein structure. The bond formed between two…

Q: draw the primary structure of the polypeptide at physiological pH range of 7.35-7.45 using…

A: A polypeptide is an amino acid chain molecule where the carboxyl group of one amino acid is linked…

Q: a peptide has the sequence: Asp-His-Tyr-Asn. What is the net charge on this molecule at pH 7.2?

A: Given peptide has the sequence Asp-His-Tyr-Asn. The net charge on this peptide depends upon the pKa…

Q: a peptide has the sequence: Asp-His-Tyr-Cys. What is the net charge on this molecule at pH 7.0? Will…

A: Given, Asp-His-Tyr-Cys thus considering Asp at the amino terminal and Cys at the carboxylic terminal…

Q: Among these amino acid combinations listed above, only the combination of Lys and Glu have side…

A: The tertiary structure of proteins are stabilized by non covalent interactions like hydrogen…

Q: Draw the structure of the tetrapeptide MIEL. Refer to the slide sets for the structures of the amino…

A: Peptides are biomolecules made up by linking amino acids to each other via peptide bonds. A peptide…

Q: Draw the structure of peptide with the following amino acids Gly-Leu-Ala-Gly-Pro-Hyp. The structure…

A: Amino acids are the basic unit of proteins. There are 20 amino acids that form peptides or protein.…

Q: What is the structure of an alkynyl S-palmitoylated protein?

A: Protein modification is the post-translational modification process that helps to add some…

Q: For the following pentapeptides: Ser-Glu-Gly-His-Ala and Gly-His-Ala-Glu-Ser A. Compute their…

A: Peptides are small chains of amino acids (2-200 residues). pI is the pH at which peptide or…

Q: Lys and Arg Glu and Lys Pro and Asp Among these amino acid combinations listed above, only the…

A: Proteins are composed of a linear chain of amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. All…

Q: A peptide has the sequence Glu-His–Trp–Ser-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly The pK, values for the peptide's side…

A: Amino acids have alpha amino and carboxyl groups that can be titrated. Some amino acids have side…

Q: The primary structure of proteins has polar and non-polar groups. Explain how these groups…

A: The primary structure is the long polypeptide chain which is composed of the amino acid monomer…

Q: The peptide cys-leu-glu-ala-cys-lys is at pH 7 in oxidizing conditions. Part a) Draw the peptide's…

A: Isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which the amino acid consists of no net charge. Where the net…

Q: Amino acid structure and composition: Assuming physiological pH conditions, draw the peptide…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks for peptides. The amino acids can be acidic (asp, glu), based…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.