What type of gradient is being established in the medulla of the kidney?

Q: List the three types of transport processes that involve carrier proteins in the renal tubule and…

A: The transport processes are used to transport one substance from one place to another. Some of the…

Q: Why does the glomerulus have a high-pressure capillary network? Explain.

A: Glomerulus is defined as the network of blood capillaries present in the kidney. The network of…

Q: What is the net filtration pressure?

A: The urinary system consists of kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are present in a…

Q: List the factors that obstruct Urinary flow?

A: The process by which the metabolic waste products are totally or partially eliminated from the body…

Q: What is the normal composition of urine?

A: Step 1 Urine is transparent, pale yellow (due to urochrome, a breakdown product of hemoglobin) but…

Q: What chemical substances normally are present in urine?

A: Normal human urine is formed of water (nearly 96%), organic wastes (2.5%), inorganic salts (1.5%),…

Q: Explain how plasma clearance is used to calculate renalplasma flow

A: Plasma clearance is seen in terms of Para-aminohippurate clearance. It is measured in either L/hr or…

Q: What does the kidney release?

A: The kidneys are a bean-shaped organ present in pair, located just below the rib cage. They are part…

Q: State two vital functions of kidney.

A: The kidney resembles the kidney bean in its structure and color. The kidneys are among the most…

Q: What mechanisms link low systemic blood pressure in this patient to the low urine output?

A: Filteration of blood for waste takes place in the kidney' functional unit called the nephron.…

Q: During a kidney transplant, is the failing kidney removed?

A: Transplantation is a procedure of taking the stem cells in place and planting them at the required…

Q: What is the Concept of Renal Clearance?

A: Renal clearance is estimated using ratio of glomerular filtration rate.

Q: Explain net glomerular filtration pressure?

A: The process of urine formation takes place in the kidney. The urine formation takes place by the…

Q: With what the each capillary cluster in kidney is associated?

A: The kidneys are placed high in abdominal cavity one on the either side of spine and with slightly…

Q: List the structures found at the hilumand in the renal sinus of a kidney

A: The kidneys are a pair of bean shaped organs that are located on either side of the spine and are…

Q: What are the three distinct inputs to the juxtaglomerular cells?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  KIDNEY It is a paired organ present in our body. It helps the body to get rid of…

Q: If blood pressure in the afferent arteriole leading to a glomerulus decreased, how would the rate of…

A: Answer- GFR or glomerular filteration rate is dependent upon many factors like blood pressure in…

Q: What is the effect of vasopressin on the renal tubules, and what arethe sites affected?

A:

Q: Explain how various factors affect the rate of glomerularfiltration and identify ways this rate is…

A: GLOMERULAR FILTRATION - glomerular filtration is the first step in urine formation that is…

Q: What is the renal capsule and why is it important?

A: Renal capsule:                 The thin membranous sheath that covers the outer surface of each…

Q: Explain the Forces involved in glomerular filtration?

A: the factors which affect glomerular filtration: Both glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and…

Q: What is the protective tissue that surrounds the kidney?

A: Kidney Each individual normally has 2 kidneys, located laterally on either side of vertebral column…

Q: What is autoregulation in the kidney? What other regulatory mechanisms are at work in renal…

A: Kidneys are the primary organs of the excretory system.

Q: Explain why the differential permeability of specific sections of the renal tubule is necessary to…

A: The Kidney is one of the major organs of excretion present in the body. The basic unit of the…

Q: What is the physiology of the kidneys? Give as much information and details as possible.

A: Kidneys are made up of nephrons which consists of glomeruli and tubules which work together to form…

Q: What are the three basic renal processes that lead to the formation of urine?

A: Kidneys are prime excretory organs. They filter blood and form about 1.5 lt of urine daily this…

Q: Which mechanisms reabsorb solutes from glomerular filtrate?

A: In the human excretory system, glomerular filtration is defined as the process of regulating and…

Q: Define Collecting Duct.

A: The two bean-shaped organs, the kidneys, are present at the abdominal cavity's posterior wall on the…

Q: What is the role of glomerulus in kidney?

A: The kidney is the bean shaped organ of about four to five inches present on the either side of the…

Q: Define renal fraction

A: Kidney is the two bean shaped organs which are present on the back portion of abdomen.It is the main…

Q: How do the collecting ducts of the kidney determine the final concentration of urine that is…

A: Step 1 The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It consists of two parts,…

Q: What is the purpose of measuring the glomerular filtration rate?

A: The glomerular filtration rate is the rate of flow of filtered fluid from the glomerulus into the…

Q: why does the kidney receive 1/4 of cardiac output?

A: Renal blood flow refers to the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys/unit time. The kidneys…

Q: . What kinds of disorders cause damage to the filtration membrane?

A: Kidney contain about 1 million filtering units. The glomeruli is made up of many microscopic…

Q: Why is creatinine clearance a good estimate of glomerular filtration rate?

A: Creatinine is the chemical compound that is left behind after the energy producing cells in the…

Q: From the previous question, In which section of the kidney tubules does this potassium movement…

A: The main function of the kidney involves the filtration of blood. It contains millions of nephrons…

Q: The collecting duct reabsorption of Na+ causes?

A: Nephrons are the structural and functional units of kidney and are responsible for the formation of…

Q: Name the smallest functional unit of the kidney?

A: The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in vertebrates. The major function of kidneys is to…

Q: What is micturition and describe the micturition reflex?

A: Micturition or urination is the process of urine ejection from the urinary bladder through urethra…

Q: What interacting controls stabilize the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A: Glomerular Filtration Rate:                   Glomerular filtration rate describes the flow rate of…

Q: Glomerular filtration is affected by forces that oppose and promote filtration. What are these…

A: To explain: To explain glomerular filtration forces and net filtration pressure

Q: Why would the differential renal vein renin test show an increase in the blocked renal artery side…

A: Renal vein renin test measures the ratio between the ischemic kidney and that of contralateral…

Q: Why is protein in the urine a sign of kidney damage? What structures in the kidney are probably…

A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that primarily function in glomerular filtration. The nephrons…

Q: What is the counter current mechanism?    subject - kidneys

A: The pair of kidneys are one of the vital organs in the human body. The kidneys main function is to…

Q: what is the direction of urine movement in the kidney?

A: Kidneys are paired structure that is present on either side of the ribs in the retroperitoneal…

Q: Why does the cortex of the kidney show a dotted appearance?

A: Dotted appearence of kidney's cortex part is due to presence of convolutedd parts of tubule i.e. of…