When discussing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), How can the presence of antibodies cause such widespread damage in organ systems.

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In clonal selection of B cells, which…

A: B cell expresses receptors ,that are specific to distinct antigen,  is determined before…

Q: A secondary exposure to a pathogen for which the body has produced antibodies results in a less…

A: Immune system is a naturally occurring system of organs and antibodies which are produced against…

Q: What are the different types of immunity? Please elaborate and explain them all

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: How many types of antibodies are there? (a) Five. (b) Three. (c) Two. (d) Four.

A: Antigens can be proteins, such as cancer cell receptors, sugars on bacterial and viral cell…

Q: Define the following terms  briefly ? Immunity: Immune System: Immune Response: Antigen:

A: The most prominent feature of immune system is is the feature of possessing memory. Memory is a very…

Q: define what type II hypersensitivity is. What antibodies are involved? What is the immune system…

A: This is an antibody dependent process where specific antibody binds to antigen results in…

Q: An important aspect of the immune system is the physical separation of the blood lymphatics,…

A: Blood:-  It is a transport medium that transports oxygen and nutrients to each and every tissue of…

Q: n your own personal understanding, why are complements important in cellular and humoral mediated…

A: Cell-mediated immunity is where the body produces an immune response through activation of…

Q: The presentation of an endogenous antigen by a B cell mainly occurs through which pathway? Anergy…

A: Endogenous antigens are those produced by normal cell metabolism or viral or intracellular bacterial…

Q: Suppose a baby was born without a functional thymus gland. Could this child still produce…

A: ANTIBODIES:- These are glycoproteins which consist of two identical heavy polypeptide chains and two…

Q: Name 4 ways antibodies can inactivate antigens

A: The antigens are the substance that can arouse immune reactions in the body.  They are the foreign…

Q: A patient lacks the ability to make functioning T cells because of a genetic disorder. Would this…

A: T and B cells are major cells that bring about adaptive immune response in human body. T cells are…

Q: How are monoclonal antibodies categorised

A: Antibodies produced ordinarily by infection or immunization are polyclonal because natural antigens…

Q: What are antigens and antibodies? Explain how antibodies are produced. Note: Limit is 3-5 sentences…

A: Immunology is a branch of science which deals with the study of antigen and antibody or immune…

Q: lin antibodi

A: Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies or IgG antibodies are the antibodies responsible for producing…

Q: Which image shows the type of leukocyte responsible for antibody production? D O D O E Submit…

A: Introduction Leukocytes (also known as white blood cells) are a type of blood cell that lacks…

Q: Compare and contrast humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Write three differences and two…

A: Immune system is present in the body for protecting the body against the foreign body such as pollen…

Q: your own personal understanding, why are complements important in cellular and humoral mediated…

A: The humoral immunity is referred to as immunity from the antibody. B cells can differentiate into…

Q: All of the following are functions of antibodies except: 1) opsonization 2) destruction of pathogens…

A: Antibody or immunoglobulins (Ig) are circulating glycoprotein molecules secreted by B- lymphocyte…

Q: A. To filter out extra salt, waste, and fluids B. To properly draw out nitrogenous wastes C. To…

A: Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the…

Q: What is the difference in the kinetics of antibody formation in response to a first and second…

A: The immune response is a reaction that occurs in an organism to protect against foreign substances.…

Q: The production of antibodies by B lymphocytes is referred toas ___________________ immunity.

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to respond to an infection or toxin. There are two kinds of…

Q: What blood group has only A antigens on red cells? A. Group A B. Group AB C. Group O D. Group B

A: The ABO blood group system is the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of…

Q: If you are infected with SARS-Cov-2, but have undetectable or low levels of antibodies a few months…

A: The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes a respiratory disease called COVID-19. It is a member of a large…

Q: Determine the features of antibodies that make them particularly suited for forming complexes with…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: The greatest concentration of antibodies is found in thefraction of the serum.a. gamma globulin b.…

A: Antibodies are large Y shaped protein molecule produced by the plasma cells which is the main agent…

Q: Write the application and importance of antibodies? Please answer at your own words.

A: Application of antibodies: Antibodies bind to antigens, labelling them as a target for other defence…

Q: Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Antibodies released by plasma cells are…

A: Plasma cells, more specifically plasma B cells are the WBCs (white blood cells) that arise from bone…

Q: _____antibodies are predominant in primary immune response, while _____________ antibodies are…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…

Q: Antibodies are able to dispose of antigens in which of the following ways? O Neutralization…

A: Antibodies or Immunoglobulins are substances produced by the immune system, in response to a foreign…

Q: The correct order of words to describe how innate immune response responds to a pathogen that has…

A: Immune system is categorized into two types. They are innate and adaptive immunity. Innate  immunity…

Q: the condition aplastic anemia is characterized by complete failure of the bone marrow to produce…

A: Bone marrow is the spongy substance found in the center of the bones of the body, in adults mainly…

Q: Briefly indicate the role of glycoproteins as antigenic determinants for blood groups.

A: The immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known…

Q: What cell secretes antibodies and explain the various functions of antibodies.

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: Antibodies don't kill any pathogen directly. Describe FIVE different ways that antibodies help our…

A: Step 1 Antibodies are glycoproteins, called immunoglobins, which have specific amino acid sequences…

Q: Need help Antibodies are an integral part of the humoral immune system. Give an account of…

A: Introduction :- Pathogens flowing in "humours," or extracellular fluids, such as blood and lymph,…

Q: which one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependant on the structure of the…

A: The immunoglobin molecule is a Y shaped molecule that consists of four polypeptide chains i.e  Two…

Q: Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies,…

A: Antibodies are the glycoproteins and two heavy chains and two light chains.

Q: The redness and swelling associated with an inflammatory response is caused by * secretion of…

A: Immune system deals with the handling of antigens which enter in our body.

Q: Why we use antibodies?  Please answer at your own words.

A: Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent certain types of bacterial infections. It includes a range…

Q: Cellular or molecular components that DO function in BOTH in Humoral immunity, AND in Cell-Mediated…

A: Humoral Immunity: Humoral immunity is a type of adaptive immunity characterised by B cells producing…

Q: Is it more important that transfused blood have antigens that will not react with the recipient’s…

A: The immune system of the body functions in every possible way to minimize the effect of any foreign…

Q: In order of progression, state the steps that would lead to the development of natural active…

A: Principle of Active Immunity: Humoral immunity is the mechanism by which your body develops…

Q: If you are transfusing blood to a hypothetical patient, is it more important that the transfused…

A: Blood is a liquid substance which flows in the blood vessels and carry nutrients and oxygen to the…

Q: Define the following terms antigens antibodies epitopes haptens immune complexes agglutination

A: Antigens:- Antigens are the pathogenic substances (foreign bodies) for example virus, bacteria etc.,…