Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Which are the many steps that can occur at Regulation of Gene Expression?
Introduction
Expression of gene is highly regulated in both prokaryotes as well as in Eukaryotes. If there is no gene regulation then any gene can be over or under expressed and this can cause various disorders. Hence the optimum expression of gene is maintained.
There are various levels at which the gene expression can be regulated such as:
- On DNA level
- On RNA level
- On Protein level
On DNA level: in the genome there are various molecules which can control the gene expression either by binding to DNA or by influencing the DNA structure. Those who binds to DNA and then cause change in gene expression are termed as Promoters or Repressors while some molecules/ enzymes which influences the DNA morphology are acetylases, methylases, histone modifiers etc.
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