Which of the following are reasons for performing experiments? to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the treatment and the response to overcome ethical difficulties that observational studies could potentially present to measure variables of interest without influencing the responses to identify the effects of a lurking variable on the response variable to determine if a particular treatment has a desired effect on the response variable
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- What is an experiment?A researcher is interested in gender differences in attitudes toward dating. Specifically, she wants to test the hypothesis that women are more accepting than men are of the idea that men should always pay on the first date, and thus women should have a more traditional view of dating than men do. Data are collected from 10 women and 10 men using a scale that measures dating behaviors and attitudes. Higher scores mean more traditional dating attitudes. Answer the following: 1) What are the independent and dependent variables in this study? 2) What inferential statistic discussed thus far could be used to answer this question? 3) Discuss your process of answering questions one and two.Which of the following is NOT a threat to the internal validity of an experiment? Experimenter effects. Confounding variables Demand characteristics. Within-groups design.
- even though we may observe a strong relationship between the explanatory and response variables, a lurking variable may also influence the response vatiabke. This is reffered to as A. correlation B. confounding C.association D. causationTo demonstrate a causal relationship, the researchers must have appropriate time order and covariation between the variables, and they must have eliminated plausible alternative explanations. What is missing, if anything, in the following cause-and-effect assertions? Explain. A study looks at the promotion time for women and concludes that women face barriers to promotions. Proponents of free college education for all argue that teenage pregnancies and crime would be lower if everyone had the opportunity to go to college. An e-mail circulated stating that a study found that a majority of women who had breast cancer had used deodorant containing a specific chemical and argued that the government should ban that chemical.Most sports injuries are immediate and obvious, like a broken leg. However, some can be more subtle, like the neurological damage that may occur when soccer players repeatedly head a soccer ball. To examine effects of repeated heading, McAllister et al. (2013) examined a group of football and ice hockey players and a group of athletes in noncontact sports before and shortly after the season. The dependent variable was performance on a conceptual thinking task. Following are hypothetical data from an independent-measures study similar to the one by McAllister et al. The researchers measured conceptual thinking for contact and noncontact athletes at the beginning of their first season and for separate groups of athletes at the end of their second season. Before the first season After the second season Contact Sport n = 20 M = 9 n = 20 M = 4 Noncontact Sport n = 20 M = 9 n = 20 M = 8 For the first four blanks, choose from the following and enter the…
- Select a significance level α and reject the null-hypothesis if the p-value is less than α. Explain, in complete sentences, your findings: Is there a statistically significant association (at α level) between the provided genes? What is the magnitude and the direction of the association?A local church has been experiencing steady growth in membership and wants to launch a membership drive. Before they begin, they would like to find out what types of people are most likely to attend services each week. A random sample of 15 existing members has been asked how many times they attended services over the past five weeks and for certain other information. Which independent variables have significant relationships with attendance? a. Attendance by education Less than Highschool High School College 0 1 0 1 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 b. Attendance by the length of residence in present community Less Than 2 Years 2-5 Years More Than 5 Years 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 c. Attendance by extent of television watching Little or None Moderate High 0 3 4 0 3 4 1 3 4 1 3 4 2 4 5 d. Attendance by number of children None One Child More Than One Child 0 2 0 1 3 3 1 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 5If you are conducting a study on the academic performance of students who are registered members of any of the university's sports and cultural clubs. A colleague has suggested that it is better for you to utilise secondary data for your study. Do you agree with her suggestion? Justify your response
- Report an appropriate hypothesis test for a positive linear relationship and use a 5% significance level. Which of the following is the correct P-value picture?Does more education lower a person’s level of prejudice? The number of years of education and the score on a prejudice test for ten people is given in the following table. Higher scores on the test indicate more prejudice. Years of Education 12 15 14 13 18 10 16 12 10 4 Score on Prejudice Test 1 6 2 3 2 4 1 5 5 10 Conduct a hypothesis test to determine if there is a significant linear correlation between the two variables. What is the decision for this hypothesis test? Reject the null because the absolute value of the test statistic is greater than the critical value and the p-value is less than alpha. Fail to reject the null because the absolute value of the test statistic is less than the critical value and the p-value is greater than alpha. Reject the null because the absolute value of the test statistic is less than the critical value and the p-value is less than alpha. Fail to reject the null because the absolute value of the test statistic is greater than the…What quantitative research design should be used in "Relationship between Academic Stressors and Learning Preferences ofSenior High School Students" and why?