Which of the following are true about outgroups? A. They help identify plesiomorphic traits in the phylogeny B. They are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in question C. They do not have any autapomorphic traits D. They are less evolved than the species of interest *I have already tried: A A&C ABC&D AB&C none of these worked

Which of the following are true about outgroups? A. They help identify plesiomorphic traits in the phylogeny B. They are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in question C. They do not have any autapomorphic traits D. They are less evolved than the species of interest *I have already tried: A A&C ABC&D AB&C none of these worked

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter12: Diversity Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RQ: Which assumption of cladistics is stated incorrectly? a. Living things are related by descent from a...

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Which of the following are true about outgroups? (multiple answers allowed) A) they help identify plesiomorphic traits in the pylogeny B) they are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in questionC) They do not have any autapomorphic traits D)they are less evolved than the species of interest
A phylogenetic tree is different from a cladogram in that ... Group of answer choices A: it shows that all species are not related to a common ancestor, but each has a distinct archetype. B: it represents the time scale of evolution, including where extinct species fit in. C: it uses an outgroup to compare a small group of species that exhibit similar traits D: it is not based on genetic or morphological evidence.
Which of the following is TRUE about a phylogenetic tree? It provides a drawing the reflects the proven relationships between living and extinct species. b It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between extinct species. c It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between living and extinct species. d It a diagram used by scientists that provides a model of evolutionary relationships without the need for scientific data.
All of the following are true about phylogenies, EXCEPT: a. They are considered an unbiased reconstruction of evolutionary relationships. b. We use them to predict the emergence of traits in the fossil record. c. They are, at best, a hypothesis about the relationships among extant species. d. We use the rule of parsimony to reconstruct evolutionary history.
In interpreting a cladogram, (a) we can identify the specific ancestor of each taxon by tracing each branch back to the node closest to the root (b) taxa on the right side of a cladogram have evolved from the taxa on the left side (c) the relative placement of smaller branches allows us to determine the number of years since a particular taxon has evolved (d) we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent commonancestor (e) we must first identify horizontal gene transfer
To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, (A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. (B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. (C) choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes,in either DNA sequences or morphology. (D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.
What is not always true of a valid binomial species name like Homo sapiens? A. It includes the genus name B. It is the first published name applied to the biological species C. It is defined by autapomorphic character states D. Technically, it consists of a noun and an adjective asap
Rapid rates of character change relative to the rate of speciation pose a problem for cladistics because a. the frequency with which distantly related species evolve the same derived character state may be high. b. evolutionary reversals may occur frequently. c. homoplasy will be common. d. All of the choices are correct.
In order to determine polarity for different states of a character a. there must be a fossil record of the groups in question. b. genetic sequence data must be available. c. an appropriate name for the taxonomic group must be selected. d. an outgroup must be identified.
Which assumption of cladistics is stated incorrectly? a. Living things are related by descent from a common ancestor. b. Speciation can produce one, two, or three new species. c. Traits change from one state to another. d. The polarity of a character state change can be determined.
What do all of the species in this cladogram have in common? A) they are all in the Claude archea B) none of them will ever evolve anymore C) they all have a common line of ancestry D) each of them has opposable thumbs and fur
Which of the following statements about convergent evolution is true? (a) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to different physical structures. (b) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to the same physical structures. (c) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to descent from a common ancestor. (d) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to random chance.

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		A. They help identify plesiomorphic traits in the phylogeny
		B. They are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in question
		C. They do not have any autapomorphic traits
		D. They are less evolved than the species of interest