
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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which of the following does NOT occur during the elongation stage of transcription (i.e., which of the
following is NOT a part of the elongation stage of transcription)?
the base pairing rules are being used/applied
RNA polymerase reads the reading frame/coding region of the gene
RNA nucleotides are joined together to form the mRNA
RNA polymerase moves along the reading frame
elongation occurs before the RNA polymerase encounters the terminator region of the gene
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
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- Consider the generalized structure of a eukaryotic gene, and the RNA it encodes. Of the options listed below, which one set of features determines the length of the primary RNA in base pairs, before any processing has occurred? The exon and intron sequences The promoter and enhancer sequences The start and stop codons for translation The transcription start and termination sequencesarrow_forwardWhat are two advantages for circularizing the mRNA during the process of eukaryotic translation? (Select two correct answers) mRNA circularization ensures that translation terminates at the proper termination codons. mRNA circularization facilitates the binding of the ribosome to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. mRNA circularization ensures that a full-length mRNA is used in the process of translation. mRNA circularization eliminates the requirement for translation factors in the process of translation initiation. mRNA circularization allows for a more efficient re-initiation of the translation process during repeated cycles of translation.arrow_forward"Upstream" "Downstream" Exons Start of transcription Termination codon 5 3' Promoter initiator codon Introns Polyadenylation signal (intervening sequences) 5' untranslated region 3' untranslated region Direction of transcription Please study the diagram above on eukaryotic gene expression. In order to provide instructions for gene expression, a eukaryotic gene should have the following sequences except for O A. Promoter B. Start codon also known as initiator codon C. Splicing signals (dinucleotide sequence in the intron) O D. 5' CAP sequencearrow_forward
- What are the specific steps of eukaryotic transcription? Be sure in your discussion that you include the following terms: template strand, non-template strand, initiation, elongation, termination, promoter region, RNA polymerase, termination signal.arrow_forwardAll of the following EXCEPT which one occurs between transcription and translation. -Introns are added to the RNA transcript -Exons are spliced together to form the final RNA transcript. -A modified adenine “cap” is added to the 5’ end of the RNA transcript. -All of these occur during RNA processing -A series of adenines, a “poly A tail” is added to the 3’ end of the RNA transcript.arrow_forwardWhat fraction of transcription in most human cells corresponds to non-coding RNAS? 20% 10% 100% 0% 80%arrow_forward
- Which of the following RNAs are required for translation? (Choose all that apply) tRNA rRNA mRNA snRNAs miRNAsarrow_forwardMatch the regulatory RNA to each of the following descriptions. Regulatory RNA that prevents transcription by recruiting DNMT enzymes Regulatory RNA that prevents translation by acting either in cis- or trans- but not by binding RISC Regulatory RNA found only in eukaryotes that is not perfectly complementary to the target RNA [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] antisense RNA siRNA IncRNA miRNA riboswitch <arrow_forwardWhich modification of eukaryotic mRNA is likely absent if the mRNA can leave the nucleus but cannot bind the ribosome? Group of answer choices splicing together of exons removal of introns 3′ polyadenylated tail 7-methylguanosine cap on the 5′ end RNA editingarrow_forward
- What is the mechanism for addition of a guanosine to create the 5' methyl cap of a mRNA? O The 5'-OH end of the nascent mRNA performs a nucleophilic attack on the gamma phosphate of GTP O The gamma phosphate is removed from the 3' end of the nascent MRNA and then the beta-phosphate attacks the phosphorus atom of the alpha- phosphate of GTP O The gamma phosphate is removed from the 5' end of the nascent mRNA and then the -OH group from the beta-phosphate attacks the phosphorus atom of the alpha- phosphate of GTP O The 5'-OH end of the beta phosphate present on nascent mRNA performs a nucleophilic attack on the alpha-phosphate of GTParrow_forwardWhich subunit of RNA Pol I| functions as an assembly platform and regulator of pre- MRNA processing? Carboxyl terminal domain N-terminal domain minor O All of the abovearrow_forwardDraw a eukaryotic mRNA that has been fully processed. Label the key parts including the Kozak sequencearrow_forward
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