Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to an intracellular receptor? a) Activation of cAMP b) Activation of genes c) Altered enzyme activities

Q: How can you tell epinephrine is a peptide hormone and not a steroid one by looking at the picture?

A: hormones are chemicals which are secreted by specialized organs in small quantities to produce…

Q: How can Hormones influence the response of target cells?

A: Introduction: Hormones are produced by the endocrine glands and transported to the target organs or…

Q: What are the major classes of hormones? How do they differ in the activation of targets?

A: Hormones are chemical compounds or molecules which are produced and secreted inside the body for…

Q: Which Membrane receptors are important in hormonal signalling ?

A: The transmembrane proteins are considered membrane receptors. The main function of membrane…

Q: What is neuroendocrine signalling?

A: Answer- There are some cells that are present in the pituitary and hypothalamus gland that recieves…

Q: Why might hormone receptors on a cell may be altered?

A: Hormones are chemical molecules that are secreted by glands into the bloodstream and travel to the…

Q: Which of the following statements is generally true regarding the chemical messengers for…

A: The cell is covered by the cell membrane which is made up of lipids and proteins. Molecules which…

Q: Why is cAMP a “second messenger”?

A: Signal transduction in cells is the way that a signal from an external perspective of a phone is…

Q: What are the diff erences among permissive eff ects, synergistic eff ects, and antagonistic eff ects…

A: The endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones which are the chemical messengers of the…

Q: How is hormone binding to its receptor different from allosteric regulator binding to an enzyme?

A: Chains of amino acids make up protein hormones.  Growth hormone, which is generated by the pituitary…

Q: How might endocrine-disrupting chemicalsspecifically affect cells?

A: It is possible that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) prevent the hormones from attaching to…

Q: Why is it regarded extraordinary that a monomeric hormone may attach to two identical receptor…

A: Hormone is a member of class of signaling molecules in multicellular organism, that are transported…

Q: Describe intracellular receptors, using estrogen receptors as anexample

A: Most hormones flow in the blood, where virtually all cells come into contact. However, only a small…

Q: What hormones activate cell surface receptors?

A: Hormones  They are the chemical compounds which carry message from one part of the body to other…

Q: How do response mechanisms in target cells differ for water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones?

A: The cell signaling is the process of cell communication within the body. It is the ability of cells…

Q: List and describe the functions of the three types of proteins involved in transmission of a hormone…

A: Three proteins involved in the transmission of hormone signal are: up-regulation hormone receptor…

Q: What is the mechanism of receptor-associated hormonal disorder?

A: Any kinds of hormonal imbalance in the body due to various physiological reasons or allergic…

Q: Identify molecule (1) in the pathway of hormonal regulation illustrated below: (A) ion channel (B)…

A: In the given image, we are shown signal transduction pathway in which a hormone is binding to a…

Q: Peptide hormones interact with what structures on the surface of a cell?

A: The non-nutrient chemical messengers released by the ductless glands are the hormones. The endocrine…

Q: Which of the following statements about polypeptide hormones is false?a. They bind to receptors…

A: Hormones A hormone is a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms…

Q: What are endorphins? Where in the body are they found?

A: Endorphins are peptide hormones or neuropeptide opioids which are produced by the body to relieve…

Q: Why is the fact that a monomeric hormone binds simultaneously to two identical receptor molecules,…

A: The growth-hormone receptor contains 638 amino acids, divided into a extracellular domain of 250…

Q: Do most steroid hormones have cell membrane receptors or intracellular receptors? Why?

A: Hormone is a chemical messenger which is released by the endocrine glands and is responsible for…

Q: What is the specific role of the protein kinase enzymes in the signal transduction pathway initiated…

A: Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a…

Q: How is hormone binding to its receptor more like an allosteric regulator binding to an enzyme than a…

A: All hormone receptor they carry an allosteric switch.

Q: Why do peptide and steroid hormones bind different kinds of receptor, and how does this difference…

A: Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and are the chemical messenger that mediates communication…

Q: What is the role of ACTH? Explain why it is only found in amphibians and mammals?

A: Introduction Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals that are produced and released to bring out a…

Q: Which of the following types of molecules can be a hormone? a) Phospholipids b) Fatty acid…

A: The biochemical substances synthesized and secreted by endocrine gland or specialised cells are…

Q: origin of endocrine control systems lie in ordinary cellular events? How might the earliest…

A: The system resides inside specific endocrine organs and each organs and tissues with alternative…

Q: What general features make a chemical compound a hormone, and how do hormones achieve specificity…

A: Introduction  Hormones are the chemical compounds crucial for life. Chemically they can be either…

Q: How could you determine whether a hormone-mediated response hasresulted from the intracellular…

A: Hormones elicit different responses in the cell. Some hormones bind to receptors that are present on…

Q: What is the structural difference between an enzyme and a hormone?

A: An enzyme is a biocatalyst that increase the rate of chemical reaction without itself being changed…

Q: Two ways where hormones can bind to receptors on the surface of the cell. Explain each briefly.

A: There are 3 major types of hormones are found: Protein or peptide hormones: They are made up of…

Q: Which of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors? a) A…

A: In multicellular animals, a hormone is one of the types of signaling molecules carried to distant…

Q: Why are carrier proteins necessary for lipid-soluble hormones?

A: Lipid-derived hormones are generally lipid-soluble and can diffuse across cell membranes because…

Q: How does hormone binding to its receptor differ from substrate binding to an enzyme?

A: Hormones are a biological process that operates as a chemical messenger, producing in one region of…

Q: In what way is a neuropeptide intermediate between neurotransmitters and hormones?

A: Neuropeptides belong to a class of protein like molecules which consists of short chains of amino…

Q: explain how hormones and other messengers can be effective at extremely low extracellular…

A: Hormones are substance messengers that are emitted straightforwardly into the blood, which conveys…

Q: What do the terms chemical messenger, target tissue, and hormone receptor mean?

A: Hormone receptors are a wide family of proteins made up of receptors for thyroid and steroid…

Q: Production of thyroid hormone by cells in the thyroid gland in response to thyroid-stimulating…

A: Hormones are chemical compounds that function in the body as messenger molecules. They are created…

Q: What are second messengers? Explain the differences between how lipid soluble and water soluble…

A: Intercellular and intracellular communication occurs through chemical and electrical signaling…

Q: can have different affinities for multiple ligands  b. each hormone will only interact with one…

A: Hormones are chemical messengers that act at specific target organs through their receptors which…