Q: The similarity between Apc in colon cancers and Rb in retinoblastomas is that both are mutated in…
A: Answer) The similarity between APC in colon cancers and Rb in retinoblastomas is that both are…
Q: Proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes in a number of different ways. In some cases, the…
A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…
Q: After the initial Actualization of the Cit+ phenotype, there was another alteration to the A-3…
A: Bacteria are dynamically evolving microbes. Various experiments suggest the evolution process of…
Q: How might genomic information be helpful for the effective use of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) in…
A: Imatinib mesylate is a drug used for the treatment of myeloid leukemia that is caused due to…
Q: - Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a rare hereditary cancer disease due to a mutation in the TP53 gene.…
A: P53 is a transcription factor and is a tumor suppressor protein synthesized by tp53 gene. P53…
Q: Briefly describe how mitotic recombination can result in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at tumor…
A: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is the loss of one parent's contribution to cell and can be caused by…
Q: Why do signals indicating damage to cells result in increase in the expression of p21Cip1?
A: Cell cycle progression is tightly controlled by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), the…
Q: Explain how telomerase expression contributes to theimmortality of cancer cells
A: The tumor cells are said to be immortal due to the expression if telomerase enzyme. The telomerase…
Q: Loss of p53 function occurs in the majority of human tumors. Name two ways in which loss of p53…
A: A tumor is considered an abnormal growth of tissues in the body. The tumor can be cancerous, if it…
Q: David Seligson and his colleagues examined levels of histone proteinmodification in prostate tumors…
A: The histone protein modification refers to the post translational modification of histones by…
Q: E27. A cloned gene fragment contains a regulatory element that is recog- nized by a regulatory…
A: Electrophoretic mobility shift assay is used to study the protein and DNA interaction i.e it detects…
Q: The most prominent mutation of ERBB2 in breast cancer is L755S. What kind of mutation is this? Is…
A: Mutation is the change in structure of a gene, which results in variation. These variations can be…
Q: ''The chemical carcinogen dimethylbenz[a]anthra-cene (DMBA) must be an extraordinarily specific…
A: Abnormal growth of skin cells when exposed to sunlight causes skin cancer. They are originated from…
Q: True/False: When first discovered, investigators found it surprising that some single-gene defects…
A: Immunodeficiencies happen when at least one segments of the safe framework is faulty. The most…
Q: Based on the data presented above, propose a molecular mechanism by which indibulin is active…
A: Indibulin is known as a small synthetic molecule. This compound is novel and is known to be orally…
Q: Briefly describe two different ways in which intragenic suppressors can reverse the effects of…
A: The second mutation that partially or wholly reverses the phenotypic or genotypic effects of an…
Q: This question has two parts. Cancer is usually a result of multiple mutations that occur. Describe…
A: An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die…
Q: RBBP6 variant 1 was found expressed throughout the cell division cycle
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If youwant any…
Q: How do loss of function mutations associated with Artemis (protein) cause their resulting…
A: Introduction: -Artemis is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCLRE1c gene. Function: -…
Q: Which tissue in the human body is the CFTR gene most expressed?
A: Introduction The CFTR gene encodes a membrane protein and chloride channel in vertebrates called…
Q: How would you identify patients whose tumor cells are particularly likely to have a somatic mutation…
A: Somatic mutation takes place in all types of cells in the body except the germ cells. Therefore…
Q: You wish to determine which genes are aberrantly expressed in a certain type of cancer. How would…
A: Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled gene expression. It is a proliferative disease as it can induce…
Q: Does TERT activation affect cancer development through other ways besides mediating telomere…
A: TERT means Telomerase reverse transcriptase and this enzyme help in the development of cancer .
Q: why is the tas2r38 gene also called the ptc gene
A: PTC is a compound known as Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), also called phenylthiourea (PTU). It is an…
Q: Do you think there are more unique alleles of p53 that lead to cancer or more unique alleles of Ras…
A:
Q: What would you expect krox20 expression to look like in embryos treated with an RA inhibitor? Why?…
A: krox20 is also known as early growth response protein 2, it is a transcription regulatory factor.it…
Q: what are NOTCH1 gene mutations
A: Mutations are changes occur in the DNA sequences either by environmental factors such as UV rays and…
Q: Under normal physiological conditions, proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors help control cell…
A: A significant contrast among the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that oncogenes result from…
Q: K-RAS mutation can be used as an early detection marker for molecular diagnosis and risk assessment…
A: Gene alteration within organisms by the use of genetic engineering techniques is termed as…
Q: Because the degree of DNA methylation appears to be a relatively reliable genetic marker for some…
A: Methylation of DNA is a heritable, enzyme-induced modification to DNA structure without alteration…
Q: Please answer all questions if possible. -B-Raf is not overexpressed in cancer though shows…
A: B raf is a protooncogene that produce BRaf protein. This protein plays role in regulating MAP…
Q: Describe the various post-translational modifications of HIF- 1alpha and how it affects the…
A: Describe the various post-translational modifications of HIF- 1alpha and how it affects the…
Q: Each year in the United States, there are over 230,000 newcases of prostate cancer and almost 28,000…
A: Genetic screening is done for various types of cancer.
Q: Tumor-suppressor genes are normal human genes that prevent uncontrollable cell growth. Starting with…
A: Tumors are the mass of cells which grow and divide indefinitely due to mutation in the genome. A…
Q: Please explain the role of Ubiquitin Ligase Activity in the regulation of apoptotic cell death.
A: Numerous enzymes in the ubiquitin system govern both autophagy and cell death, and all these cell…
Q: Why would a translocation that put Ras behind the promoter region of the actin gene lead to the…
A: Protooncogenes are activated by mutations that cause structural changes in their encoded proteins.…
Q: Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 The chemical carcinogen…
A: Introduction: Cancer is the most common disease in the developing world and approximately one in…
Q: What is the frequency of loss-of-function mutations in ADE2 when specific (HDR) and non-specific…
A: Each pathway, including the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), resulted in a 50% reduction in…
Q: Cancer is driven by alterations in the expression of critical genes, namely tumour suppressors,…
A: Introduction Cancer is popular disease now a day. In US, 1 in 2 women and 1 in 3 men develops cancer…
Q: Assume that there is a double stranded break on DNA double helix of an eukaryotic cell due to X-ray…
A: The maintenance of the integrity of information in DNA molecule is most important for the survival…
Q: In Metastatic Breast Cancer [such as in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Carcinoma,…
A: In Metastatic Breast Cancer [such as in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Carcinoma,…
Q: Mutations in the ras gene family induce normal cells to proceed into the replication cycle. This…
A: Proto-oncogene normal function is to promote cell survival and cell division. Gain of function of…
Q: The product of the human papillomavirous oncogene E7promotes cancer by emhancing expression of…
A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…
Q: A. Which patient- 18, 30, or 1- shows the most microsatellite instability? Which patient shows the…
A: Microsatellite also called Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) or Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are…
Would the function of KRAS gene be lost or gained in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer derived cells? Please explain why.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor biology, what is the mutator phenotype hypothesis? What are some ways in which error-prone polymerases could be targeted for potential anti-cancer treatments?Describe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation of a mis- match repair gene cause colon cancer?There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair/stability genes. Distinguish between these three groups, then indicate which you think RB1 belongs to.
- Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does the deleted region contain an oncogene or atumor-suppressor gene? Explain.The diosgenin drug (DSG) has been tested on human cholangiocarcinoma cells (bile duct cancer cells). To this aim, the human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines HuCCT1, QBC939, SK-ChA-1, HuH28, RBE, and Mz-ChA-1 have been subjected to different conditions of treatment with DSG, then assessed for their viability using a MTS assay, and their cell cycle progression using flow cytometry (FCM).Note: The MTS assay is based on the reduction of the MTS tetrazolium compound by viable cells to generate a colored formazan dye that is soluble in cell culture media. This conversion is thoughtto be carried out by NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes in metabolically active cells.The formazan dye is quantified by measuring its absorbance at 490-500 nm. Question : To which kind of biological molecule does this DSG drug resemble? To which kind of properties do you expect for DSG?Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ? Explain in detail the main findings.
- Is the presence of oncogenic Ras necessary for transient inflammatory stimulation to induce chronic pathologies (such as cancer) OR is chronic inflammation essential for oncogenic Ras to induce tumorigenesis?There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA stability/repair genes. Define each of these categories and indicate which one you think the RB1 gene belongs to and why.Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ? Please explain in details
- You are looking at the results of a western blot from the lysates of cells harvested from a suspected breast cancer tumor and you see that there is an increased expression of INK4-p16, you suspect that this will______________? Group of answer choices Increase S to G2 phase transition Initiate a cell cycle arrest in G1 Block M to G1 phase transition Promote tumorigenesisEven though cancer genomes are overall hypomethylated, explain in detail some genes are hypermethylated in cancer cells.Studies suggest that the presence of oncogenic Ras is not sufficient to drive tumorigenesis. Instead, the activity of Ras needs to be amplified and sustained to induce pathological consequences. Recent studies have suggested a role for inflammatory stimuli on tumor development in the context of oncogenic Ras. Is the presence of oncogenic Ras necessary for transient inflammatory stimulation to induce chronic pathologies (such as cancer) OR is chronic inflammation essential for oncogenic Ras to induce tumorigenesis?