Bartleby Sitemap - Textbook Solutions
All Textbook Solutions for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
1QQWhich of the following is classified as matter? a. heat energy b. a scientific theory c. chocolate milk d. no correct response3QQ1QQ2QQ3QQ1QQ2QQIn which of the following pairs of properties are both physical properties? a. low density, flammable b. reacts with oxygen, does not react with iodine c. very brittle, very toxic d. no correct response1QQ2QQ3QQ1QQ2QQ3QQ4QQ1QQA compound can be separated into its constituent elements by a. physical means b. chemical means c. both physical and chemical means d. no correct response3QQ4QQWhich of the following statements concerning the known elements is correct? a. All known elements are naturally occurring substances. b. The discovery of the last of the known elements occurred in 1885. c. Synthetic (laboratory-produced) elements that do not occur in nature exist. d. no correct response2QQ3QQ4QQThe correct chemical symbol for the element beryllium, which contains the first two letters of the elements name, is a. be b. Be c. BE d. no correct response2QQ3QQ4QQ1QQ2QQThe molecules present in a compound must be a. heteroatomic b. triatomic c. diatomic d. no correct response4QQ1QQWhich of the following chemical formulas fits the description number of elements present and number of atoms present are the same? a. HClO2 b. C2H2Cl2 c. H2O2 d. no correct responseWhich of the following pairings of chemical formulas and molecular descriptions is incorrect? a. HCN and triatomic b. SO2 and heteroatomic c. CO2 and diatomic d. no correct response4QQ5QQ6QQWhat are the two general characteristics that all types of matter possess?What are the three aspects of matter that are of particular interest to chemists?Classify each of the following as matter or energy (nonmatter). a. Air b. Pizza c. Sound d. GoldClassify each of the following as matter or energy (nonmatter). a. Silver b. Cake c. Heat d. Water1.5EP1.6EPIndicate whether each of the following substances does or does not take the shape of its container and also whether it has a definite volume. a. Copper wire b. Oxygen gas c. Granulated sugar d. Liquid waterIndicate whether each of the following substances does or does not take the shape of its container and also whether it has an indefinite volume. a. Aluminum powder b. Carbon dioxide gas c. Clean air d. GasolineClassify each of the following properties of the metal magnesium as a physical property or a chemical property. a. Solid at room temperature b. Ignites upon heating in air c. Hydrogen gas is produced when it is dissolved in acids d. Has a density of 1.738 g/cm3 at 20CClassify each of the following properties of the metal magnesium as a physical property or a chemical property. a. Silvery-white in color b. Does not react with cold water c. Melts at 651C d. Finely divided form burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flameIndicate whether each of the following statements describes a physical or a chemical property. a. Silver salts discolor the skin by reacting with skin protein. b. Hemoglobin molecules have a red color. c. Beryllium metal vapor is extremely toxic to humans. d. Aspirin tablets can be pulverized with a hammer.Indicate whether each of the following statements describes a physical or a chemical property. a. Diamonds are very hard substances. b. Gold metal does not react with nitric acid. c. Lithium metal is light enough to float on water. d. Mercury is a liquid at room temperature.1.13EPClassify each of the following observations about the behavior of a substance as a physical property or chemical property of the substance. a. does not tarnish when exposed to dry air at 25C b. does tarnish when exposed to moist air at 25C c. is a liquid at 75C d. is a solid at 15CClassify each of the following changes as physical or chemical. a. Crushing a dry leaf b. Hammering a metal into a thin sheet c. Burning your chemistry textbook d. Slicing a hamClassify each of the following changes as physical or chemical. a. Evaporation of water from a lake b. Scabbing over of a skin cut c. Cutting a string into two pieces d. Melting of some candle wax1.17EPClassify each of the following changes as physical or chemical. a. A newspaper page turns yellow over time. b. A rubber band breaks. c. A firecracker explodes. d. Dry ice disappears over time.Correctly complete each of the following sentences by placing the word chemical or physical in the blank. a. The freezing over of a ponds surface is a ______ process. b. The crushing of ice to make ice chips is a ______ procedure. c. The destruction of a newspaper by burning it is a ______ process. d. Pulverizing a hard sugar cube using a mallet is a ______ procedure.Correctly complete each of the following sentences by placing the word chemical or physical in the blank. a. Bending glass tubing using a hot flame is a ______ technique. b. The grating of a piece of cheese is a ______ procedure. c. The heating of a blue powdered material to produce a white glassy substance and a gas is a ______ process. d. Wool is spun into yarn using ______ means.Classify each of the following as (1) a physical property, (2) a physical change, (3) a chemical property, or (4) a chemical change. a. the process of burning a piece of newspaper b. the fact that metallic copper reacts with chlorine gas c. the process of melting ice d. the fact that metallic gold is a solid at room temperatureClassify each of the following as (1) a physical property, (2) a physical change, (3) a chemical property, or (4) a chemical change. a. the process of decomposing hydrogen peroxide b. the fact that a block of ice can be chipped into smaller pieces c. the process of evaporating a liquid d. the fact that water freezes at 32FClassify each of the following statements as true or false. a. All heterogeneous mixtures must contain three or more substances. b. Pure substances cannot have a variable composition. c. Substances maintain their identity in a heterogeneous mixture but not in a homogeneous mixture. d. Pure substances are seldom encountered in the everyday world.Classify each of the following statements as true or false. a. All homogeneous mixtures must contain at least two substances. b. Heterogeneous mixtures, but not homogeneous mixtures, can have a variable composition. c. Pure substances cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by physical means. d. The number of known pure substances is less than 100,000.1.25EPAssign each of the following descriptions of matter to one of the following categories: heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture, or pure substance. a. Three substances present, one phase present b. One substance present, three phases present c. One substance present, one phase present d. Two substances present, three phases presentClassify each of the following as a heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture, or a pure substance. Also indicate how many phases are present, assuming all components are present in the same container. a. Water and dissolved salt b. Water and sand c. Water, ice, and oil d. Water, dissolved sugar, and undissolved sugarClassify each of the following as a heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture, or a pure substance. Also indicate how many phases are present, assuming all components are present in the same container. a. Water and dissolved sugar b. Water and oil c. Water, wax, and pieces of copper metal d. Water, dissolved salt, and dissolved sugarFrom the information given, classify each of the pure substances A through D as elements or compounds, or indicate that no such classification is possible because of insufficient information. a. Analysis with an elaborate instrument indicates that substance A contains two elements. b. Substance B decomposes upon heating. c. Heating substance C to 1000C causes no change in it. d. Heating substance D to 500C causes it to change from a solid to a liquid.From the information given, classify each of the pure substances A through D as elements or compounds, or indicate that no such classification is possible because of insufficient information. a. Substance A cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. b. Substance B cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means. c. Substance C readily dissolves in water. d. Substance D readily reacts with the element chlorine.1.31EPFrom the information given in the following equations, classify each of the pure substances A through G as elements or compounds, or indicate that no such classification is possible because of insufficient information. a. A B + C b. D + E F + GIndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. a. Both elements and compounds are pure substances. b. A compound results from the physical combination of two or more elements. c. In order for matter to be heterogeneous, at least two compounds must be present. d. Compounds, but not elements, can have a variable composition.Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. a. Compounds can be separated into their constituent elements by chemical means. b. Elements can be separated into their constituent compounds by physical means. c. A compound must contain at least two elements. d. A compound is a physical mixture of different elements.Consider two boxes with the following contents: the first contains 30 bolts and 30 nuts that fit the bolts; the second contains the same number of nuts and bolts with the difference that each bolt has the nut screwed on it. Which box has contents that would be an analogy for a mixture, and which box has contents that would be an analogy for a compound?Consider two boxes with the following contents: the first box contains 10 blue paper clips and 10 red paper clips; the second contains the same number of each color of paper clip with the difference that each blue paper clip is interlocked with a red paper clip. Which box has contents that would be an analogy for a mixture, and which box has contents that would be an analogy for a compound?Assign each of the following descriptions of matter to one of the following categories: element, compound, or mixture. a. One substance present, three elements present b. Two substances present, one phase present c. One substance present, one phase present, substance cannot be decomposed using chemical means d. Two elements present, composition is variableAssign each of the following descriptions of matter to one of the following categories: element, compound, or mixture. a. One substance present, two elements present b. Two substances present, two phases present c. One substance present, one phase present, substance can be decomposed using chemical means d. Three elements present, composition is definite and constantIndicate whether each of the following samples of matter is a heterogeneous mixture, a homogeneous mixture, a compound, or an element. a. a blue-colored, single-phase liquid that when boiled away (evaporated) leaves behind a solid residue b. a cloudy liquid that separates into two layers upon standing overnight c. a nonuniform, white crystalline substance, part of which dissolves in alcohol and part of which does not dissolve in alcohol d. a colorless gas that cannot be separated into simpler substances using physical means and that reacts with the metal magnesium to produce both a magnesiumoxygen compound and a magnesiumnitrogen compoundIndicate whether each of the following samples of matter is a heterogeneous mixture, a homogeneous mixture, a compound, or an element. a. a colorless gas, only part of which reacts with hot iron b. a uniform red liquid with a boiling point of 60C that cannot be broken down into simpler substances using chemical means c. a yellow solid, all of which melts at a temperature of 45C to produce a liquid that decomposes upon further heating d. a single-phase liquid that completely evaporates without decomposition when heated to produce a gas that can be separated into simpler components using physical meansIndicate whether each of the following characterizations of the elements copper and sulfur is true or false. a. A mixture containing copper and sulfur can have a variable composition. b. In a mixture of copper and sulfur, the two elements maintain their individual properties. c. In a compound containing copper and sulfur, physical methods can be used to separate the substances present. d. In a compound containing copper and sulfur, the two elements are chemically combined rather than physically combined.Indicate whether each of the following characterizations of the elements copper and sulfur is true or false. a. A compound containing copper and sulfur can have a variable composition. b. In a compound of copper and sulfur, the two elements maintain their individual properties. c. In a mixture containing copper and sulfur, physical methods can be used to separate the substances present. d. In a mixture containing copper and sulfur, the two elements are chemically combined rather than physically combined.Indicate whether each of the following statements about elements is true or false. a. Elements that do not occur in nature have been produced in a laboratory setting. b. At present, 108 elements are known. c. Current chemical theory suggests there are more naturally occurring elements yet to be discovered. d. More laboratory-produced elements exist than naturally occurring elements.Indicate whether each of the following statements about elements is true or false. a. The majority of the known elements have been discovered since 1990. b. New naturally occurring elements have been identified within the past 10 years. c. More than 25 laboratory-produced elements are known. d. All laboratory-produced elements are unstable.1.45EPIndicate whether each of the following statements about elemental abundances is true or false. a. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in both Earths crust and the universe. b. Oxygen and silicon are the two most abundant elements in the universe. c. Helium is the second-most abundant element in Earths crust. d. Two elements account for more than three-fourths of the atoms in Earths crust.1.47EP1.48EPGive the name of the element denoted by each of the following chemical symbols. a. N b. Ni c. Pb d. Sn1.50EP1.51EP1.52EPWrite the chemical symbol for each member of the following pairs of elements. a. Sodium and sulfur b. Magnesium and manganese c. Calcium and cadmium d. Arsenic and argonWrite the chemical symbol for each member of the following pairs of elements. a. Copper and cobalt b. potassium and phosphorus c. Iron and iodine d. Silicon and silverIn which of the following sequences of elements do all the elements have two-letter symbols? a. Magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus b. Bromine, iron, calcium c. Aluminum, copper, chlorine d. Boron, barium, berylliumIn which of the following sequences of elements do all the elements have symbols that start with a letter that is not the first letter of the elements English name? a. Silver, gold, mercury b. Copper, helium, neon c. Cobalt, chromium, sodium d. Potassium, iron, leadClassify the substances represented by the following models as homoatomic or heteroatomic molecules.Classify the substances represented by the following models as homoatomic or heteroatomic molecules.Classify the substances represented by the models in Problem 1-57 as to the number of atoms present per molecule, that is, as diatomic, triatomic, tetraatomic, etc.Classify the substances represented by the models in Problem 1-58 as to the number of atoms present per molecule, that is, as diatomic, triatomic, tetraatomic, etc.Classify the substances represented by the models in problem 1-57 as to the type of pure substance, that is, as element or compound.Classify the substances represented by the models in problem 1-58 as to the type of pure substance, that is, as element or compound.Assign each of the following molecular descriptions for a pure substance to the categories (1) must be an element, (2) must be a compound, or (3) could be an element or a compound. a. Molecules are triatomic. b. Molecules contain only one kind of atom. c. Molecules are heteroatomic. d. Molecules are both homoatomic and diatomic.Assign each of the following molecular descriptions for a pure substance to the categories (1) must be an element, (2) must be a compound, or (3) could be an element or a compound. a. Molecules contain three kinds of atoms. b. Molecules are homoatomic. c. Molecules are tetraatomic. d. Molecules are both heteroatomic and triatomic.Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If a statement is false, change it to make it true. (Such a rewriting should involve more than merely converting the statement to the negative of itself.) a. The atom is the limit of chemical subdivision for both elements and compounds. b. Triatomic molecules must contain at least two kinds of atoms. c. A molecule of a compound must be heteroatomic. d. Only heteroatomic molecules may contain three or more atoms.Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If a statement is false, change it to make it true. (Such a rewriting should involve more than merely converting the statement to the negative of itself.) a. A molecule of an element may be homoatomic or heteroatomic, depending on which element is involved. b. The limit of chemical subdivision for a compound is a molecule. c. Heteroatomic molecules do not maintain the properties of their constituent elements. d. Only one kind of atom may be present in a homoatomic molecule.In the following diagrams, the different colored spheres represent atoms of different elements. Select the diagram or diagrams that represent each of the listed situations. (Note that there may be more than one correct answer for a given situation and that answers may be used more than once or not at all.) a. Which diagram(s) represent(s) a compound whose molecules are triatomic? b. Which diagram(s) represent(s) a mixture of two compounds? c. Which diagram(s) represent(s) a mixture that contains two different types of diatomic molecules? d. Which diagram(s) represent(s) a pure substance?In the following diagrams, different colored spheres represent atoms of different elements. Select the diagram or diagrams that represent each of the listed situations. (Note that there may be more than one correct answer for a given situation and that answers may be used more than once or not at all.) a. Which diagram(s) represent(s) a compound whose molecules are tetraatomic? b. Which diagram(s) represent(s) a mixture of two substances? c. Which diagram(s) represent(s) a mixture of two elements? d. Which diagram(s) represent(s) a pure substance?Assign each of the following descriptions of matter to one of the following categories: element, compound, or mixture. a. one substance present, one phase present, one kind of homoatomic molecule present b. two substances present, two phases present, all molecules present are heteroatomic c. one phase present, two kinds of homoatomic molecules are present d. triatomic, homoatomic, and diatomic heteroatomic molecules are presentAssign each of the following descriptions of matter to one of the following categories: element, compound, or mixture a. two substances present, one phase present, all molecules present are heteroatomic b. one substance present, two phases present, one kind of heteroatomic molecule present c. one phase present; all molecules are triatomic, heteroatomic, and identical d. diatomic, homoatomic, and triatomic heteroatomic molecules are presentIn the following diagram, the different colored spheres represent atoms of different elements. Four changes, denoted by the four numbered arrows, are shown. Select the change, by listing the arrow number, that represents each of the listed situations. (Note that there may be more than one correct answer for a given situation and that answers may be used more than once or not at all.) a. Which change(s) is a (are) physical change(s)? b. Which change(s) is a (are) change(s) in which two elements combine to form a compound?Using the diagrams given in problem 1-71, select the change, by listing the arrow number, that represents each of the following situations. a. Which change(s) is a (are) chemical change(s)? b. Which change(s) is a (are) change(s) in which a compound is decomposed into its constituent elements?Write chemical formulas for the substances represented by the following models.Write chemical formulas for the substances represented by the following models.1.75EP1.76EP1.77EP1.78EPWrite all possible chemical formulas for a substance that are consistent with the description contains the hypothetical elements X and Z and has molecules that are pentatomic.Write all possible chemical formulas for a substance that are consistent with the description contains the hypothetical elements A and Z and has molecules that are hexatomic.Write a chemical formula for each of the following substances based on the information given about a molecule of the substance. a. A molecule of hydrogen cyanide is triatomic and contains the elements hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen. b. A molecule of sulfuric acid is heptaatomic and contains two atoms of hydrogen, one atom of sulfur, and the element oxygen.Write a chemical formula for each of the following substances based on the information given about a molecule of the substance. a. A molecule of nitrous oxide contains twice as many atoms of nitrogen as of oxygen and is triatomic. b. A molecule of nitric acid is pentaatomic and contains three atoms of oxygen and the elements hydrogen and nitrogen.1.83EP1.84EPOn the basis of the given information, determine the numerical value of the subscript x in each of the following chemical formulas. a. BaS2Ox; formula unit contains 6 atoms b. Al2(SOx)3; formula unit contains 17 atoms c. SOxClx; formula unit contains 5 atoms d. CxH2xClx; formula unit contains 8 atomsOn the basis of the information given, determine the numerical value of the subscriptxin each of thefollowing chemical formulas. a. NaNOx; formula unit contains 5 atoms b. Ba(COx)2; formula unit contains 9 atoms c. CxH5Clx; formula unit contains 11 atoms d. HxSxOx; formula unit contains 12 atoms1.87EPA mixture contains the following five pure substances: Cl2, C2Cl6, H2CO3, H2SO4, and HC1. a. How many different kinds of diatomic molecules arepresent in the mixture? b. How many different kinds of atoms are present in themixture? c. How many total atoms are in a mixture samplecontaining four molecules of each component? d. How many total carbon atoms are present in a mixturesample containing three molecules of each component?1QQPreference by scientists for metric system unit use is because a. more precise measurements result from their use b. metric unit interrelationships are mathematically simpler c. metric unit names are easier to spell d. no correct responseIn which of the following pairings of metric system prefixes and powers of 10 is the pairing incorrect? a. kilo- and 103 b. micro- and 106 c. deci- and 102 d. no correct responseIn which of the following sequences are the metric system prefixes listed in order of decreasing size? a. centi-, milli- b. mega-, giga- c. nano-, micro- d. no correct responseWhich of the following is a correct pairing of concepts? a. gram, metric unit of mass b. liter, metric unit of length c. meter, metric unit of volume d. no correct response4QQ5QQ6QQ7QQ1QQ2QQ1QQ2QQ3QQ4QQ5QQ6QQIn which of the following cases is the given number correctly rounded to three significant figures? a. 0.01136 becomes 0.0113 b. 32.57 becomes 32.6 c. 1.2001 becomes 1.21 d. no correct responseWhen rounded to three significant figures, the number 43,267 becomes a. 433 b. 43,267 c. 43,300 d. no correct answer3QQ4QQ1QQ2QQ3QQ4QQ5QQ6QQ1QQ2QQWhich of the following is an incorrect conversion factor? a. 3 ft/1 yd b. 36 in./l yd c. 12 ft/1 mile d. no correct response4QQ1QQ2QQ1QQ2QQ3QQWhat is the mass, in grams, of 30.0 mL of liquid if its density is 2.00 g/mL? a. 60.0 g b. 15.0 g c. 1.25 g d. no correct responseThe freezing point of water is a. 0F b. 0 K c. 0C d. no correct response2QQ3QQ4QQWhat is the main reason scientists prefer to use the metric system of measurement rather than the English system of measurement?List the more common types of measurements made in chemical laboratories.Complete the following table by filling in the blanks in each row with the name of the metric system prefix, its abbreviation, and/or the power of 10 to which it is equivalent. The first row has been completed as an example.Complete the following table by filling in the blanks in each row with the name of the metric system prefix, its abbreviation, and/or the power of 10 to which it is equivalent. The first row has been completed as an example.Complete the following table by filling in the blanks in each row with the name of the metric unit, the property being measured (mass, length, volume), and/or the abbreviation for the metric unit. The first row has been completed as an example.Complete the following table by filling in the blanks in each row with the name of the metric unit, the property being measured (mass, length, volume), and/or the abbreviation for the metric unit. The first row has been completed as an example.Arrange each of the following from smallest to largest. a. Milligram, centigram, nanogram b. Gigameter, megameter, kilometer c. Microliter, deciliter, picoliter d. Milligram, kilogram, microgramArrange each of the following from smallest to largest. a. Milliliter, gigaliter, microliter b. Centigram, megagram, decigram c. Micrometer, picometer, kilometer d. Nanoliter, milliliter, centiliterWhich of the two given units is the more logical unit for expressing each of the following measurements? a. thickness of a chemistry textbook (centimeter ormeter) b. mass of a cantaloupe seed (kilogram or milligram) c. capacity of a cars gasoline tank (milliliter or liter) d. length of a mans tie (decimeter or micrometer)Which of the two given units is the more logical unit for expressing each of the following measurements? a. length of an ants body (centimeter or micrometer) b. width of a football field (meter or kilometer) c. volume of glass of milk (megaliter or milliliter) d. mass of an elephant (gram or kilogram)A person is told that there are 60 minutes in an hour and also that a section of fence is 60 feet long. What is the difference relative to uncertainty between the value of 60 in these two pieces of information?2.12EPIndicate whether the number in each of the following statements is anexactor aninexactnumber. a. A classroom contains 32 chairs. b. There are 60 seconds in a minute. c. A bowl of cherries weighs 3.2 pounds. d. A newspaper article contains 323 words.Indicate whether the number in each of the following statements is anexactor aninexactnumber. a. A classroom contains 63 students. b. The car is traveling at a speed of 56 miles per hour. c. The temperature on the back porch is 3F. d. There are 3 feet in a yard.Indicate whether each of the following quantities would involve anexactnumber or aninexactnumber. a. The length of a swimming pool b. The number of gummi bears in a bag c. The number of quarts in a gallon d. The surface area of a living room rugIndicate whether each of the following quantities would involve anexactnumber or aninexact number. a. The number of pages in a chemistry textbook b. The number of teeth in a bears mouth c. The distance from Earth to the sun d. The temperature of a heated ovenIdentify the estimated digit in each of the following measurements? a. 234 b. 234.0 c. 0.234 d. 0.00234Identify the estimated digit in each of the following measurements? a. 317 b. 317.0 c. 3.170 d. 0.03172.19EP2.20EPIndicate to what decimal position readings should be recorded (nearest 0.1, 0.01, etc.) for measurements made with the following devices. a. A thermometer with a smallest scale marking of 1C b. A graduated cylinder with a smallest scale marking of 0.1 mL c. A volumetric device with a smallest scale marking of 10 mL d. A ruler with a smallest scale marking of 1 mmIndicate to what decimal position readings should be recorded (nearest 0.1, 0.01, etc.) for measurements made with the following devices. a. A ruler with a smallest scale marking of 1 cm b. A device for measuring angles with a smallest scale marking of 1 c. A thermometer with a smallest scale marking of 0.1F d. A graduated cylinder with a smallest scale marking of 10 mLConsider the following rulers as instruments for the measurement of length. What would the uncertainty be in measurements made using the following? a. Ruler 1 b. Ruler 4Consider the following rulers as instruments for the measurement of length. Using the rulers given in Problem 2-23, what would the uncertainty be in measurements made using the following? a. Ruler 2 b. Ruler 3Using the rulers given in Problem 2-23, what is the length of the paper clip shown by the side of the following? a. Ruler 2 b. Ruler 3Using the rulers given in Problem 2-23, what is the length of the paper clip shown by the side of the following? a. Ruler 1 b. Ruler 4With which of the rulers in Problem 2-23 was each of the following measurements made, assuming that you cannot use a ruler multiple times in making the measurement? (It is possible that there may be more than one correct answer.) a. 20.4 cm b. 2.3 cm c. 3.74 cm d. 32 cmWith which of the rulers in Problem 2-23 was each of the following measurements made, assuming that you cannot use a ruler multiple times in making the measurement? (It is possible that there may be more than one correct answer.) a. 3.2 cm b. 3.22 cm c. 22 cm d. 3 cmDetermine the number of significant figures in each of the following measured values. a. 0.444 b. 0.00444 c. 0.04040 d. 0.00004Determine the number of significant figures in each of the following measured values. a. 0.372 b. 0.0372 c. 0.37202 d. 0.37200Determine the number of significant figures in each of the following measured values. a. 275.00 b. 27,500 c. 6,720,000 d. 6,720,100Determine the number of significant figures in each of the following measured values. a. 303.00 b. 30,300 c. 5,703,000 d. 570,002In which of the following pairs of numbers do both members of the pair contain the same number of significant figures? a. 11.01 and 11.00 b. 2002 and 2020 c. 0.000066 and 660,000 d. 0.05700 and 0.05070In which of the following pairs of numbers do both members of the pair contain the same number of significant figures? a. 345,000 and 340,500 b. 2302 and 2320 c. 0.6600 and 0.66 d. 936 and 936,0002.35EPIn the pairs of numbers of Problem 2-34, tell whether both members of the pair have the same uncertainty. a. 345,000 and 340,500 b. 2302 and 2320 c. 0.6600 and 0.66 d. 936 and 936,0002.37EPComplete the following table by filling in the blanks in each row with numerical values that are consistent with the number given in the first column. The first row is completed as an example.2.39EPThe number of people present at an outdoor rock concert was estimated by police to be 40,000. What is the high and low estimate for the number of people present at the concert if it is assumed that this estimate has each of the following uncertainties? a. 10,000 b. 1000 c. 100 d. 10Round off each of the following numbers to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. a. 0.350763 (four) b. 13.43 (three) c. 22.4555 (two) d. 0.030303 (three)Round off each of the following numbers to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. a. 340.272 (four) b. 133.133 (three) c. 0.04470 (two) d. 0.35726 (three)2.43EPRound off (or add zeros) to each of the following measured values to give a value that contains three significant figures. a. 1234 b. 25,730 c. 7.2 d. 3,666,432Complete the following table by filling in the blanks in each row with numerical values obtained by rounding the given values to the specified number of significant figures (sig figs). The first row is completed as an example.Complete the following table by filling in the blanks in each row with numerical values obtained by rounding the given values to the specified number of significant figures (sig figs). The first row is completed as an example.Without actually solving, indicate the number of significant figures that should be present in the answers to the following multiplication and division problems. a. 10.300 0.30 0.300 b. 3300 3330 333.0 c. 6.033.0 d. 6.00033Without actually solving, indicate the number of significant figures that should be present in the answers to the following multiplication and division problems. a. 3.00 0.0003 30.00 b. 0.3 0.30 3.0 c. 6.0033,000 d. 6.0000032.49EPCarry out the following multiplications and divisions, expressing your answer to the correct number of significant figures. Assume that all numbers are measured numbers. a. 2.000 0.200 0.20 b. 3.6750 0.04503 c. 0.0030 0.400 4.00 d. 6.00033.00 e. 45,0001.2345 f. 3.006.5313.567Carry out the following additions and subtractions, expressing your answer to the correct number of significant figures. Assume that all numbers are measured numbers. a. 12 + 23 + 127 b. 3.111 + 3.11 + 3.1 c. 1237.6 + 23 + 0.12 d. 43.65 23.7Carry out the following additions and subtractions, expressing your answer to the correct number of significant figures. Assume that all numbers are measured numbers. a. 237 + 37.0 + 7.0 b. 4.000 + 4.002 + 4.20 c. 235.45 + 37 + 36.4 d. 3.111 2.07What is the uncertainty in the measured value 12.37050 after it is rounded to the following number of significant figures? a. 6 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2What is the uncertainty in the measured value 87.20030 after it is rounded to the following number of significant figures? a. 6 b. 5 c. 4 d. 2For each of the following numbers, will the exponent be positive, negative, or zero when the number is expressed in scientific notation? a. 0.0123 b. 375,000 c. 0.100 d. 68.75For each of the following numbers, will the exponent be positive, negative, or zero when the number is expressed in scientific notation? a. 50.031 b. 650,010 c. 0.1030 d. 7352.57EP2.58EP2.59EPFor each of the numbers in Problem 2-56, how many significant figures should be present in the scientific notation form of the number? a. 50.031 b. 650,010 c. 0.1030 d. 735Express the following measured values in scientific notation to the correct number of significant figures. a. 120.7 b. 0.0034 c. 231.00 d. 23,100Express the following measured values in scientific notation to the correct number of significant figures. a. 37.22 b. 0.00102 c. 34.000 d. 234,000Change each of the following measured values from scientific notation to decimal notation. a. 2.34 102 b. 2.3400 102 c. 2.34 103 d. 2.3400 103Change each of the following measured values from scientific notation to decimal notation. a. 3.721 103 b. 3.7210 102 c. 6.76 102 d. 6.7600 1022.65EP2.66EPWhat is the uncertainty, in terms of a power of 10, associated with each of the following measured values? a. 3.60 104 b. 3.60 106 c. 3.6 105 d. 3.6 103What is the uncertainty, in terms of a power of 10, associated with each of the following measured values? a. 4.30 102 b. 4.300 101 c. 4.3 103 d. 4.300 105Write each of the following numbers in scientific notation to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. a. 0.00300300 (three) b. 936,000 (two) c. 23.5003 (three) d. 450,000,001 (six)Write each of the following numbers in scientific notation to the number of significant figures indicated in parentheses. a. 0.303030 (four) b. 15.0670 (three) c. 3,263,300 (three) d. 32,000,071 (four)Give the two forms of the conversion factor that relate each of the following pairs of units. a. Days and hours b. Decades and centuries c. Feet and yards d. Quarts and gallonsGive the two forms of the conversion factor that relate each of the following pairs of units. a. Days and weeks b. Years and centuries c. Inches and feet d. Pints and quartsGive the two forms of the conversion factor that relate each of the following pairs of units. a. kL and L b. mg and g c. m and cm d. sec and secGive the two forms of the conversion factor that relate each of the following pairs of units. a. ng and g b. dL and L c. m and Mm d. psec and sec2.75EPIndicate whether each of the following equations relating units would generate an exact set of conversion factors or an inexact set of conversion factors relative to significant figures. a. 1 gallon = 16 cups b. 1 week = 7 days c. 1 pint = 0.4732 liter d. 1 mile = 5280 feetUsing dimensional analysis, convert each of the following measurements to meters. a. 1.6 103 dm b. 24 nm c. 0.003 km d. 3.0 108 mmUsing dimensional analysis, convert each of the following measurements to meters. a. 2.7 103 mm b. 24 m c. 0.003 pm d. 4.0 105 cmThe human stomach produces approximately 2500 mL of gastric juice per day. What is the volume, in liters, of gastric juice produced?A typical loss of water through sweating for a human is 450 mL per day. What is the volume, in liters, of sweat produced per day?The mass of premature babies is customarily determined in grams. If a premature baby weighs 1550 g, what is its mass in pounds?The smallest bone in the human body, which is in the ear, has a mass of 0.0030 g. What is the mass of this bone in pounds?What volume of water, in gallons, would be required to fill a 25-mL container?What volume of gasoline, in milliliters, would be required to fill a 17.0-gal gasoline tank?An individual weighs 83.2 kg and is 1.92 m tall. What are the persons equivalent measurements in pounds and feet?An individual weighs 135 lb and is 5 ft 4 in. tall. What are the persons equivalent measurements in kilograms and meters?2.87EP2.88EP2.89EPWhen each of the following measurements of mass is converted to grams, using a conversion factor obtained from the relationship 1 pound = 453.6 grams, how many significant figures should the answer have? a. 6.4 lb b. 3.2091 lb c. 0.400040 lb d. 423,000 lbA sample of mercury is found to have a mass of 524.5 g and to have a volume of 38.72 cm3. What is its density in grams per cubic centimeter?A sample of sand is found to have a mass of 12.0 g and to have a volume of 2.69 cm3. What is its density in grams per cubic centimeter?Acetone, the solvent in nail polish remover, has a density of 0.791 g/mL. What is the volume, in milliliters, of 20.0 g of acetone?Silver metal has a density of 10.40 g/cm3. What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of a 100.0-g bar of silver metal?The density of homogenized milk is 1.03 g/mL. How much does 1 cup (236 mL) of homogenized milk weigh in grams?Nickel metal has a density of 8.90 g/cm3. How much does 15 cm3 of nickel metal weigh in grams?Water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3 at room temperature. State whether each of the following will sink or float when placed in water. a. Paraffin wax (density = 0.90 g/cm3) b. Limestone (density = 2.8 g/cm3)Air has a density of 1.29 g/L at room temperature. State whether each of the following will rise or sink in air. a. Helium gas (density = 0.18 g/L) b. Argon gas (density = 1.78 g/L)2.99EPA two-gram sample of a red-colored liquid is found to have a volume of four cubic centimeters. Calculate the liquids density using the following uncertainty specifications, and express your answers in scientific notation. a. 2.00 g and 4.000 cm3 b. 2.000 g and 4.0 cm3 c. 2.0000 g and 4.000 cm3 d. 2.000 g and 4.0000 cm3Calculate the volume, in milliliters, for each of the following 75.0-g masses of substances. a. 75.0 g of gasoline (density = 0.56 g/mL) b. 75.0 g of sodium metal (density = 0.93 g/cm3) c. 75.0 g of ammonia gas (density = 0.759 g/L) d. 75.0 g of mercury (density = 13.6 g/mL)Calculate the volume, in milliliters, for each of the following 66.0-g masses of substances. a. 66.0 g of blood plasma (density = 1.027 g/mL) b. 66.0 g of dry air (density = 1.29 g/L) c. 66.0 g of lead metal (density = 11.3 g/cm3) d. 66.0 g of milk (density = 1.03 g/mL)An oven for baking pizza operates at approximately 525F. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius?A comfortable temperature for bathtub water is 95F. What temperature is this in degrees Celsius?Mercury freezes at 38.9C. What is the coldest temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, that can be measured using a mercury thermometer?2.106EP2.107EPWhich is the higher temperature, 15C or 4F?Which of the following statements concerning the three types of subatomic particles is correct? a. All types carry electrical charge. b. One of the three types carries electrical charge. c. None of the three types carry electrical charge. d. no correct response2QQHow many electrons are required to equal the mass of one proton? a. 1 b. 23 c. about 1800 d. no correct responseWhich of the following statements concerning an atoms nucleus is correct? a. It contains all protons and all electrons. b. It is always positively charged. c. It accounts for most of the total volume of an atom. d. no correct response5QQThe atomic number for an atom containing 10 neutrons and 8 protons is a. 8 b. 10 c. 18 d. no correct response2QQHow many electrons are present in an atom of P1531? a. 15 b. 16 c. 31 d. no correct responseThe identity of an atom is determined by the number of a. protons in the nucleus b. neutrons in the nucleus c. subatomic particles in the nucleus d. no correct responseWhich of the following statements is correct for S1427i? a. contains more protons than neutrons b. contains more electrons than protons c. contains an equal number of protons and neutrons d. no correct response1QQ2QQWhat is the atomic mass of a hypothetical element that exists in two isotopic forms that have masses of 8.00 amu and 10.00 amu, respectively, and percent abundances of 80.00% and 20.00%, respectively? a. 8.40 amu b. 9.00 amu c. 9.20 amu d. no correct responseThe element chlorine, which has two isotopic forms, has an atomic mass of 35.5 amu. This means that a. all chlorine atoms have a mass of 35.5 amu b. some, but not all chlorine atoms have a mass of 35.5 amu c. no chlorine atoms have a mass of 35.5 amu d. no correct responseBased on periodic table location, which pair of elements would be expected to have similar chemical properties? a. 3Li and 4Be b. 6C and 7N c. 8O and 16S d. no correct response2QQ3QQWhich of the following pieces of information about an element is not found on a standard periodic table? a. chemical symbol b. atomic number c. mass number d. no correct response5QQ1QQ2QQ3QQ4QQ1QQ2QQ